450 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



butylene glycol liave not been found 

 (Voges-Proskauer test negative). 



Salts of citric acid are utilized as a sole 

 source of carbon. 



Catalase produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not detected in 

 proteose peptone ferric-citrate agar. 



Acid or acid and gas produced from 

 xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, glucose, 

 fructose, mannose, galactose, lactose, 

 maltose, trehalose and mannitol. No 

 acid or gas from melezitose, amygdalin 

 and erythritol. Sucrose, raffinose, cel- 

 lobiose, a-methyl-glucoside, adonitol, 

 dulcitol, glycerol, inositol, sorbitol, 

 starch, aesculin, salicin and sodium 

 malonate may or may not be fermented. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Temperature requirements : Growth 

 at 10°C and at 45° to 46°C. Optimum 

 growth temperature 30° to 37 °C. Gas 

 not produced in Eijkman tests, although 

 some cultures show growth at 45° to 46°C. 



Salt tolerance : Most cultures ferment 

 glucose in the presence of sodium chloride 

 in a concentration of 6.0 to 7.0 per cent. 

 A few cultures tolerate 8.0 per cent 

 sodium chloride. 



pH range: Optimum about pH 7.0. 

 Growth occurs at pH 5.0 to pH 8.0. 



Habitat : Normally found to a varying 

 degree in soil, water and in the intestinal 

 canal of man and animals. Widely dis- 

 tributed in nature. 



Appendix: The following described 

 species have been placed in Escherichia 

 or may belong here : 



Bacillus alcalescens Ford. (Ford, 

 Studies from the Royal Victoria Hosp., 

 Montreal, 1, (5), 1903, 37; also see Jour. 

 Med. Res., 6, 1901, 211; not Bacillus 

 alkalescens Andrews, Lancet, 194, 1918, 

 560; Escherichia alcalescens Bergey et al., 

 Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 202.) From feces. 



Bacillus asiaticus Castellani. (Cas- 

 tellani. Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 65, 

 1912, 262; not Bacillus asiaticus Sak- 

 haroff, Ann. Inst. Past., 8, 1893, 550; 

 Salmonella asiaticus Castellani and Chal- 



mers, Manual of Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 

 1919, 940; Proteus asiaticus Bergey et al.. 

 Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 211; Bacterium 

 asialicum Weldin and Levine, Abst. 

 Bact., 1, 1923, 13.) From feces. Fer- 

 ments lactose slowly or not at all. 



Bacillus asiaticus mobilis Castellani. 

 (Valerie 21, Boycott, Jour. Hyg., 6, 1906, 

 33; Castellani, Ann. di Med., Nav. e 

 Colon., 11, 1916, 453; Salmonella asiaticus 

 mobilis Castellani and Chalmers, Manual 

 of Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 1919, 940; Bac- 

 terium valeriei Weldin and Levine, Abst. 

 Bact., 7, 1923, 13; Proteus valeriei Bergey 

 et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 211.) From 

 feces. A motile variety which Alves 

 (Jour. Path, and Bact., U, 1937, 485) 

 found to be identical with Bacillus 

 asiaticus. 



Bacillus chylogenes Ford. (Ford, 

 Studies from the Royal Victoria Hosp., 

 Montreal, 1, (5), 1903, 62; also see Jour. 

 Med. Res., 6, 1901, 219.) From feces. 



Bacillus coli immobilis Kruse . (Kruse , 

 in Fliigge, Die Mikroorganismen, 3 Aufl., 



3, 1896, 339; Bacterium coli immobilis 

 Chester, Del. Agr. Exp. Sta., 9th Ann. 

 Rept., 1897, 128; Enteroides eniericus 

 Castellani, Jour. Hyg., 7, 1907, 1 ; Bacillus 

 schafferi MacConkey, Jour. Hyg., 9, 1909, 

 86; not Bacillus schafferi von Freuden- 

 reich, Landwirtschl. Jahrb. den Schweiz, 



4, 1890, 17; Bacillus entericus Castellani 

 and Chalmers, Manual of Trop. Med., 

 1st ed., 1910, 990; not Bacillus entericus 

 Ford, Studies from Royal Victoria Hosp., 

 Montreal, /, (5), 1903, 40; Escherichia 

 schaefferi Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 

 1923, 196; Bacterium coli var. immobilis 

 Winslow et al.. Jour. Bact., 4, 1919, 486; 

 Bacterium schafferi Weldin and Levine, 

 Abst. Bact., 7, 1923, 13; not Bacterium 

 schafferi Chester, Ann. Rept. Del. Col. 

 Agr. Exp. Sta., 9, 1897, 74; Escherichia 

 enterica Weldin, Iowa State Coll. Jour. 

 Sci., 1, 1927, 134.) From feces. These 

 were all described as non-motile variants 

 of Escherischia coli (see Weldin, loc. 

 cit.). 



Bacillus coli mutabilis Neisser. 



