FAMILY EXTEROBACTERIACEAE 



453 



Escherichia paradoxa (Toumanoff) 

 Hauduroy et al. {Colibacillus paradoxus 

 Toumanoff, Bull. Soc. Centr. de Med. 

 V^t^r., 80, 1927, 367; Hauduroy et al., 

 Diet. d. Bact. Path., 1937, 231.) From 

 feces. 



Escherichia paraenterica (Castellani) 

 Hauduroy et al. (Bacillus paraentericus 

 Castellani, Manual of Trop. Med., 1st 

 ed., 1910, 991; Enteroides paraenterica 

 Castellani and Chalmers, ibid., 3rd ed., 

 1919, 941; Hauduroy et al.. Diet. d. Bact. 

 Path., 1937, 231.) From feces. 



Escherichia pauloensis Mello. (Ass. 

 Paulista de Medicina, 11, 1937, 73.) 

 From feces. 



Escherichia pseudocoli (Castellani) 

 Castellani and Chalmers. {Bacillus 

 pseudo-coli Castellani, iVIanual of Trop. 

 Med., 1st ed., 1910, 990; Castellani and 

 Chalmers, Manual Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 

 1919, 942.) From feces. 



Escherichia pseudo-coliformis (Castel- 

 lani) Hauduroy et al. {Bacillus pseudo- 

 coliformis Castellani, 1917; see Castellani 

 and Chalmers, Manual of Trop. Med., 

 3rd ed., 1919, 952; Hauduroy et al., 

 Diet. d. Bact. Path., 1937, 233.) From 

 feces. 



Escherichia pseiidocoloides (Castellani) 



Castellani and Chalmers. {Bacillus 

 pseudocoloides Castellani, 1916; see Cas- 

 tellani and Chalmers, Manual of Trop. 

 Med., 3rd ed., 1919, 954; ibid., 942; 

 Bacterium pseudo-coloides Weldin and 

 Levine, Abst. Bact., 7, 1923, 13.) From 

 feces. 



Escherichia pseudocoscoroba Castellani 

 and Chalmers. {Bacillus coscoroba Mac- 

 Conkey, Jour. Hyg., 6, 1906, 570; not 

 Bacillus coscoroba Tr^trop, Ann. Inst. 

 Past., 14, 1900, 224; Bacterium coscorobae 

 Bergey and Deehan, Jour. Med. Res., 

 19, 1908, 182; Castellani and Chalmers, 

 Man. Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 1919, 942; 

 Bacillus communior var. coscoroba Wins- 

 low, Kligler and Rothberg, Jour. Bact., 

 4, 1919, 486; Escherichia coscoroba 

 Weldin, Iowa State Coll. Jour. Sci., 1, 

 1926, 139.) From feces and sewage. 

 This organism described by MacConkey 

 is quite different from the organism 

 described bj' Tr^trop (see Pasteurella 

 appendix). 



Escherichia pseudodysenteriae Bergey 

 et al. {Bacterium pseudodysenteriae 

 Kruse, Deutsche Med. Wchnschr., 27, 

 1901, 386; Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 

 1923, 198.) From feces of normal persons 

 and of dysentery patients. 



Genus II. Aerobacter Beijerinck.* 



(Beijerinck, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 6, 1900, 193; Aerogenesbacterium Orla-Jensen, 

 Jour. Bact., 6, 1921, 272; Colobactrum (in part) Borman, Stuart and Wheeler, Jour. 

 Bact., 48, 1944, 357.) From Latin, air or gas, and rod. 



Short rods, fermenting glucose and lactose with acid and gas production. Methyl 

 red test negative; Voges-Proskauer test positive. Form two or more times as much 

 carbon dioxide as hydrogen from glucose; trimethyleneglycol not produced from 

 glycerol by anaerobic fermentation; citric acid and salts of citric acid utilized as 

 sole source of carbon. Grow readily on ordinary media. Facultative anaerobes. 

 Widely distributed in nature. 



The type species is Aerobacter aerog'enes (Kruse) Beijerinck. 



Note : Kligler (Jour. Inf. Dis., 15, 1914, 187) found the fermentation of glycerol to 

 be inversely correlated with gelatin liquefaction and considered the former the more 

 reliable due to occasional loss of gelatin liquefying ability. This was confirmed by 

 Levine (Amer. Jour. Pub. Health, 7, 1917, 784) who reports that the two characters 

 do not correlate perfectly. Griffin and Stuart (Jour. Bact., 40, 1940, 93ff.) findasimilar 

 correlation of characters but feel that because these characters do not correlate per- 

 fectly, it would be better to combine the two species into a single species. 



* Completely revised by Prof. M. W. Yale, New York State Experiment Station, 

 Geneva, New York, Nov., 1938; further revision, July, 1943. 



