FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE 



455 



tests for hydrogen sulfide (Hunter and 

 Weiss, Jour. Bact., 85, 1938, 20). 



Trimethyleneglycol not produced from 

 glycerol by anaerobic fermentation 

 (Braak, Onderzoekingen over Vergisting 

 van Glycerine, Thesis, Delft, 1928, 212; 

 Werkman and Gillen, Jour. Bact., 23, 

 1932, 167). 



Sodium hippurate hydrolyzed (Hajna 

 and Damon, Amer. Jour. Hyg., 19, 1934, 

 545). 



Acid and gas from glucose, galactose, 

 lactose, fructose, arabinose, maltose, 

 rafiinose, cellobiose, salicin, esculin, 

 starch, dextrin, glycerol, mannitol, sor- 

 bitol and inositol, a-methyl-glucoside 

 usually fermented (Koser and Saunders, 

 Jour. Bact., 24, 1932, 267). Sucrose, 

 inulin, dulcitol and adonitol may or may 

 not be fermented. Proto pectin not fer- 

 mented. Variable fermentation of su- 

 crose and mannitol (Sherman and Wing, 

 Jour. Bact., 33, 1937, 315). 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Growth requirements : Good growth on 

 ordinary laboratory media. Optimum 

 growth temperature about 30°C. Grows 

 better at temperatures below 30°C than 

 does Escherichia coli. Usually destroj^ed 

 in 30 minutes at 60°C, but certain heat- 

 resistant strains may withstand this 

 exposure (Aj^ers and Johnson, Jour. Agr. 

 Res., 3, 1914, 401 ; Stark and Patterson, 

 Jour. Dairy Sci., 19, 1936, 495). Gas 

 not produced in Eijkmann test when 

 carried out at 45° to 46°C (Eijkmann, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 37, 1904, 

 74; Levine, Epstein and Vaughn, Amer. 

 Jour. Pub. Health, 24, 1934, 505). 



Habitat : Normally found on grains 

 and plants and to a varying degree in the 

 intestinal canal of man and animals. 

 Widely distributed in nature. 



2. Aerobacter cloacae (Jordan) Bergey 

 et al. {Bacillus cloacae Jordan, Rept. 

 Mass. State Bd. of Health, Part II, 1890, 

 836 ; Bacterium cloacae Lehmann and Neu- 

 mann, Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 239; 

 Bacillus lactis cloacae Conn, Esten and 



Stocking, Storrs Agr. Exp. Sta., Conn., 

 18th Ann. Rept. for 1906, 180; Cloaca 

 cloacae Castellani and Chalmers, Man. 

 Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 1919, 938; Bergey 

 et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 207.) From 

 Latin cloaca, sewer. 



The following are also regarded as 

 identical with Aerobacter cloacae: Aero- 

 bacter liquefaciens Grimes and Hennerty, 

 Sci. Proc. Royal Dublin Society, (N. S.) 

 20, 1931, 93; not Aerobacter liquefaciens 

 Beijerinck, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 6, 

 1900, 199 (monotrichous) ; Bacillus levans 

 Wolffin, Arch. f. Hyg., 21, 1894, 279 and 

 Lehmann, Cent. f. Bakt., 15, 1894, 350 

 (Bacterium levans Lehmann and Neu- 

 mann, Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 235; 

 Cloaca levans Castellani and Chalmers, 

 Man. Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 1919, 938; 

 Aerobacter levans Bergey et al., Manual, 

 Isted., 1923, 208). 



Rods: 0.5 to 1.0 by 1.0 to 2.0 microns, 

 occurring singly. Usually motile posses- 

 sing peritrichous flagella. Not capsu- 

 lated. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies : Thin, circular, bluish, 

 translucent. 



Gelatin stab : Slow liquefaction. 

 Liquefying power sometimes lost (Klig- 

 ler, Jour. Inf. Dis., 15, 1914, 199). 



Agar colonies : Circular, thick, opaque 

 with white center, entire. 



Agar slant: Porcelain-white, smooth, 

 glistening, spreading growth. 



Broth: Turbid, with thin pellicle. 



Litmus milk: Acid, coagulation, gas, 

 slow peptonization. 



Potato : Growth yellowish, moist, glis- 

 tening. 



Indole not formed (Levine, Epstein 

 and Vaughn, loc. cit.; Wilson, Med. 

 Res. Council, London, Spec. Rept. Ser. 

 206, 1935, 161). 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Methyl red test negative; Voges-Pros- 

 kauer test positive. 



Citric acid and salts of citric acid 

 utilized as sole source of carbon (Koser, 

 Jour. Bact., 8, 1923, 493). 



Uric acid utilized as sole source of 



