456 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



nitrogen (Koser, Jour. Inf. Dis., 23, 

 1918, 377). 



Gas ratio : Glucose fermented with lit 

 least two volumes of carbon dioxide to 

 one of hydrogen (Rogers, Clark and 

 Davis, Jour. Inf. Dis., U, 1914, 411). 



Catalase produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced in pep- 

 tone iron agar (Levino, Epstein and 

 Vaughn, Amer. Jour. Pub. Health, 24, 

 1934, 505). 



Sodium hippurate not hydrolyzed 

 (Hajna and Damon, Amer. Jour. Hyg., 

 19, 1934, 545). 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, 

 galactose, arabinose, xylosie, lactose, 

 maltose, raffinose, dextrin, salicin, tre- 

 halose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellobiose and 

 a-methyl-glucoside. Sucrose usually fer- 

 mented. Inulin, esculin, starch, dul- 

 citol, rhamnose and proto pectin not 

 attacked. Glycerol fermented with no 

 visible gas (Kligler, loc. cit., 187; Levine, 

 Amer. Jour. Pub. Health, 7, 1917, 784). 

 Starch rarely fermented (Levine, ibid.). 

 See Winslow, Kligler and Rothberg, Jour. 

 Bact., 4, 1919, 429 for review of literature. 



Fecal odor produced. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Growth requirements : Good growth on 

 ordinary laboratory media. Optimum 

 growth temperature 30° to 37°C. Gas 

 not produced in Eijkmann test when 

 carried out at 45° to 46°C (Levine, Ep- 

 stein and Vaughn, loc. cit.). 



Habitat : Found in human and animal 

 feces, sewage, soil and water. 



Appendix: The following described 

 species have been placed in Aerobacter 

 or may belong here : 



Actinobacter polymorphus Duclaux. 

 (Duclaux, Ann. Inst. Nat. Agron., 5, 

 1882, 110; Bacillus actinobacter Migula, 

 Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 1900, 689.) Causes 

 swelling of cheese. Possibly this was 

 Aerobacter cloacae. 



Aerobacter chinense Bergey et al. 

 {Bacillus capsidatus chinensis Hamilton, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 4, 1898, 230; 



Bacterium chinense Migula, Syst. d. 

 Bakt., ^, 1900, 357; Bergey etal., Manual, 

 1st ed., 1923, 207.) From India ink. 



Aerobacter decolorans Burkey. (Iowa 

 State Coll. Jour. Sci., 3, 1928, 77.) From 

 rotted potato and hay infusions. 



Aerobacter diver sum Burkey. (Iowa 

 State Coll. Jour. Sci., 3, 1928, 77.) From 

 soil. 



Aerobacter Jaeni Burkey. (Iowa State 

 Coll. Jour. Sci., 3, 1928, 77.) From hay 

 infusions. 



Aerobacter hibernicum. Grimes and 

 Hennerty. (Sci. Proc. Royal Dublin 

 Society, (N.S.) 20, 1931, 92.) From 

 butter. 



Aerobacter leporis Botta. (Giorn. Bat- 

 teriol. e Immunol., 23, 1939, 217.) From 

 liver abscess in a rabbit. 



Aerobacter melezitovorum Burkey. 

 (Iowa State Coll. Jour. Sci., 3, 1928, 

 77.) From soil. 



Aerobacter pectinovorum Burkey. 

 (Iowa State Coll. Jour. Sci., 3, 1928, 

 77.) From creek water. 



Aerobacter oxytocum (Trevisan) Ber- 

 gey et al. {Bacillus oxytocus perniciosus 

 Fliigge, Die Mikroorganismen, 1886, 268; 

 Bacillus oxytocus Trevisan, I generi e le 

 specie delle Batteriacee, 1889, 17; Bac- 

 terium oxytocus perniciosus Chester, 

 Ann. Rept. Del. Col. Agr. Exp. Sta., 9, 

 1897, 139; Bacterium oxytocum Migula, 

 Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 1900, 394; Escherichia 

 oxytocus Castellani and Chalmers, Man- 

 ual of Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 1919, 942; 

 Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 206.) 

 From old milk. 



Aerobacter paraoxijtocum Mello. 

 (Jorn. Dos Clinicos, No. 15, 1937.) 

 From a dental abscess. 



Bacillus aceris Edson and Carpenter. 

 (Edson and Carpenter, Vermont Agr. 

 Exp. Sta. Bull. 167, 1912, 475; Achrotno- 

 bacter aceris Bergey et al.. Manual, 4th 

 ed., 1934, 218.) From slimy maple sap. 

 See Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 506 for a de- 

 scription of this organism. Identified by 

 Fabian (Ind. and Eng. Chem., 27, 1935, 

 349) as Aerobacter aerogenes. 



