FAMILY ENT1:R0BACTERIACEAE 



461 



*Appendix II. Tribe Eschericheae: Gram-negative, peritrichous to non-motile 

 rods similar to organisms placed in Paracolobactrum , Serratia and Salmonella have 

 recently been described as causing diseases of reptiles, birds and mammals. They 

 may be grouped here although they have been placed in several different genera. 



1. Bacterium sauromali Conti and 

 Crowley. (Jour. Bact., 36, 1938, 269.) 

 From a generic name of lizards, 

 Sauromalus. 



Short rods: 0.2 to 0.5 by 1.0 to 2.0 

 microns, with rounded ends, occurring 

 in groups. Motile with 4 to 6 peri- 

 trichous flagella. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Infundibuliform liquefaction 

 complete in 3 days at 37°C. Black sedi- 

 ment. Medium browned. 



Agar slant: Growth abundant, spread- 

 ing, convex, faint yellowish-green, glis- 

 tening, smooth, translucent, butyrous. 

 Decided odor. Medium greened. 



Nutrient broth: After 1 day at 37°C, 

 moderate turbidity. Ring. Decided 

 odor. Scanty flocculent sediment. 



Milk: Alkaline and complete pepto- 

 nization in ten days. 



Indole not formed. 



Potato: Growth yellowish-green to 

 olive. 



Blood medium: (Complete alpha 

 hemolysis in 48 hours. 



Peptone medium: Slight fluorescent 

 greenish -yellow pigmentation. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia is produced. 



Acid and gas from glucose, sucrose, 

 maltose, galactose, fructose, salicin and 

 mannitol. Acid but not gas from gly- 

 cerol. No acid from lactose, arabinose, 

 xylose, dextrin, inulin. dulcitol or starch. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Catalase positive. 



Methyl red test positive. 



Pathogenic for animals. 



Temperature relations: Optimum 

 37°C. Minimum 20°C. Maximum 45°C'. 



Aerobic. 



Source: From a tumor-like growth on 

 the chuckawalla (Sauromalus varius). 



Habitat: Causes tumors in lizards. 



2. Serratia anolium Duran-Reynals 

 and Clausen. (Jour. Bact., 33, 1937, 

 369.) From a generic name of lizards, 

 A7iolis. 



Rods: 0.2 to 0.4 by 1.0 to 2.0 microns, 

 occurring singly, in pairs, in clusters and 

 palisades. Pleomorphic, other forms be- 

 ing 4 to 5 microns in length, curved, 

 occasionally club-like, or 10 to 15 microns 

 long and surrounded by a capsular mate- 

 rial, or occasionally small and coccus-like. 

 Motile (Duran-Reynals and Clausen) 

 with 1 to 4 peritrichous flagella (Breed). 

 Non-acid-fast. Gram -negative. 



Gelatin stab: Rapid growth. Lique- 

 faction infundibuliform. After 6 to 10 

 days a thick soft pellicle and blackish 

 sediment is formed. 



Agar colonies : After 24 hours at 37°C, 

 isolated colonies are low, convex, margin 

 entire or slightly undulate. Colonies 

 translucent, butyrous, glistening, 

 smooth, 1 .0 to 2.5 mm in diameter. While 

 some colonies retain their smooth char- 

 acter, oihers become larger, striated and 

 wrinkled, showing opaque, radiated folds 

 with irregularly crenated edges and a 

 rougher texture. Penetrating acid smell 

 produced. 



Agar slant : After 24 hours at 37 °C, 

 abundant, confluent, raised, whitish, 

 butyrous, glistening, wuth entire or 

 undulate edges. 



Broth: Moderate growth with uniform 

 turbidity. A pellicle is formed which 

 disintegrates forming a ring on the walls 

 of the tube. Sediment. Faint fluores- 

 cent yellowish coloration. 



No visible gas in glucose broth (Breed) . 



Peptone water: After 6 to 10 days 

 marked turbidity, medium darkened, 

 blackish sediment formed. 



Litmus milk: Coagulation and diges- 

 tion. Partial discoloration of the litmus. 



* Prepared by Prof. Robert S. 

 Geneva, New York, June, 1946. 



Breed, New York State Experiment Station, 



