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MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



peptone broth: Acetic, citric, oxalic and 

 tartaric. 



Aerobic. 



Grows well at 32°C. Thermal death 

 point, 53°C for 10 min. 



Source : From galls on the Japanese 

 wisteria in various localities in Japan. 



Habitat : Causes galls on the Japanese 

 wisteria, Milletia floribunda. 



3. Erwinia vitivora (Baccarini) du 

 Plessis. {Bacillus vilivorus Baccarini, 

 Bull, della Soc. Bot. Ital., 1894, 235; 

 du Plessis, Dept. Agr. and Forestry Union 

 of S. Africa, Science Bui. 214, 1940, 58.) 

 From Latin, devouring the vine. 



Note: Macchiati (Bol. della Soc. Bot., 

 1897, 156) uses the name Bacillus bacca- 

 rinii for Bacillus vilivorus. The de- 

 scription Macchiati gives is not of 

 Erwinia vitivora but is evidently that 

 of a saprophyte occurring with the patho- 

 gen. He conducted no inoculation ex- 

 periments. Migula (System der Bak- 

 terien, 2, 1900, 778) gives Bacillus vili- 

 vorus Bacc. (Malpighia, 6, 1892, 229) 

 which is an incorrect citation and Bacil- 

 lus baccarinii Macch. 1897, as synonyms 

 of Bacillus gmumis Comes 1884. It is 

 impossible to determine what this latter 

 species is. Du Plessis {loc. cit.) does 

 not believe Bacillus gummis is the same 

 as Erwinia vitivora. 



Rods: 0.74 (0.44 to 1.10) by 1.46 

 (0.95 to 2.19) microns. Cells sometimes 

 dumbbell-shaped. Motile with peritri- 

 chous flagella. Gram-negative. Capsules 

 present. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Agar colonies : first puiictiform, irregu- 

 larly circular or lenticular, ultimately 

 circular, raised to pulvinate, glistening, 

 spreading, light to orange-yellow. Agar 

 becomes brown. 



Broth: Turbid in 24 hrs. Whitish to 

 lemon yellow pellicle. 



Milk: Litmus reduced. Thread-like 

 to spongy curd formed. Yellow whey 

 about curd. Yellow growth on top of 

 plain milk. Medium acid. 



Uschinsky's solution: Slowly becomes 

 turbid. Pellicle. Sediment whitish- 

 yellow. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Acid produced from glucose, fructose, 

 xylose, lactose, sucrose, mannitol and 

 salicin. No acid from raffinose or inulin. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Facultative anaerobe. 



Temperature relations : Optimum 25°C. 

 Maximum 35° to 40°C. Minimum 5° to 

 10°C. 



Optinmm pH 6.0. Minimum 4.2. 



Source : Du Plessis used 5 isolates from 

 various localities in South Africa. 



Habitat : Causes a disease of grape vines 

 in South Africa, Italy and France. 



4. Erwinia cassavae (Handsford) comb. 

 nov. {Bacterium cassavae Handsford, 

 Ann. Ilept. Dept. Agric. Luanda for 

 1937, II, 1938, 48.) From cassava, the 

 liost plant. 



Hods : Motile with a few peritrichous 

 Hagella. No capsules. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin is slowly liquefied. 



Agar colonies: Smooth, lens-shaped, 

 edges entire, translucent and of uniform 

 structure. Yellow. 



Broth: Turbid with a ring. A yellow 

 precipitate in old cultures. 



Milk becomes alkaline. Not cleared. 



Nitrates are rapidly reduced to ni- 

 trites. 



Methyl red test negative. Acetyl- 

 methylcarbinol produced (Dowson, Cent, 

 f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 183). 



Acid but no gas from glucose, sucrose, 

 maltose and glycerol, but not from lac- 

 tose . 



Facultative anaerobe. 



Source : From necrotic lesions on cas- 

 sava leaves in Uganda. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on cassava, Mani- 

 hot sp. 



5. Erwinia salicis (Day) Chester. 

 {Bacterium salicis Day, Oxford For. 

 Mem., 3, 1924, 14; Phytomonas salicis 



