FAMILY ENTEUOBACTERIACEAE 



467 



Magrou, in Hauduroy et al., Diet. d. 

 Bact. Path., 1937, 408; Chester, in Ber- 

 gey et al., Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 406.) 

 From Latin salix, willow; M. L. generic 

 name, Salix. 



Description from Dowson, Ann. Appl. 

 Biol., 24, 1937, 542. 



Rods: 0.5 to 0.7 by 0.8 to 2.2 microns, 

 occurring singly or in pairs, rarely in 

 chains, with rounded ends. Motile with 

 5 to 7 long peritrichous flagella. Gram- 

 negative . 



Gelatin stab: Beaded growth. No 

 liquefaction. 



Infusion agar: Colonies appear slowly, 

 circular, with slightly uneven margins, 

 pale brown by transmitted light, pale 

 gray by reflected. 



Infusion agar slants: Growth thin, 

 nearly transparent. 



Broth: Moderate, uniform turbidit3^ 

 No pellicle. 



Litmus milk: No change. 



Potato: Bright yellow, later fading to 

 pale brown, spreading, abundant, glisten- 

 ing, slimy growth. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates (Dow- 

 son). 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Ammonia not produced. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol produced. 



Methyl red test negative (Dowson, Cent, 

 f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 183). 



Acid, but no gas, from glucose, galac- 

 tose, mannose, xylose, maltose, sucrose, 

 raffinose, glycerol, mannitol and salicin. 

 No growth in arabinose, fructose, rham- 

 nose, inulin or dextrin. 



No growth in Cohn's solution. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Temperature relations: Optimum 29° 

 to 30°C. Minimum 5° to 10°C. Maxi- 

 mum 33° to 37°C. Thermal death point 

 50° to 52°C. 



Aerobic, facultative anaerobic. 



Source : From the cricket-bat willow 

 {Salix caerulea) and from the white 

 willow {Salix alba). 



Habitat : Causes a water-mark disease 

 of willow in England. 



6. Erwinia tracheiphila (Erw. Smith) 

 Holland. {Bacillus tracheiphilus Erw. 

 Smith, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 1, 1895, 

 364; Bacterium tracheiphilus Chester, 

 Ann. Rept. Del. Col. Agr. Exp. Sta., 

 9, 1897, 72; Smith, see Bacteria in Rela- 

 tion to Plant Diseases, 2, 1911, 286; 

 Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 215.) 

 From Greek, trachea-loving, i.e., live 

 in filirovascular bundles. 



Rods: 0.5 to 0.7 by 1.2 to 2.5 microns, 

 with rounded ends, occurring singly and 

 in pairs, more rarely in fours. Motile 

 with peritrichous flagella. Capsulated. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, gray- 

 ish-white, smooth, glistening. Show in- 

 ternal striae by transmitted light. 



Gelatin stab: Surface growth thin, 

 spreading, grayish-white. Slight filiform 

 growth in depth. No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Small, circular, grayish- 

 white, smooth, glistening. 



Agar slant: Growth gray, smooth, 

 filiform, moist, glistening. 



Broth: Slight turbidity. No ring or 

 pellicle. 



Potato : Growth white or color of sub- 

 stratum, smooth, moist, glistening. No 

 action on the starch. Does not soften 

 the middle lamella of potato cells. 



Litmus milk: Not coagulated. Reac- 

 tion unchanged. Litmus not reduced. 

 Not peptonized. 



Egg albumen: Not digested. 



Blood serum: No liquefaction. 



Cohn's solution: No growth. 



Uschinsky's solution : Weak growth. 



Fermi's solution: Weak growth. 



Indole not formed in Dunham's solu- 

 tion. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia production moderate. 



Cannot utilize asparagine, ammonium 

 lactate or tartarate as sources of nitrogen. 



Acid without gas from glucose, sucrose 

 and fructose; growth in closed arm. 

 Acid from glycerol. No growth in closed 

 arm with lactose, maltose, dextrin, gly- 

 cerol or mannitol. No acid from lactose. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



