468 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Hydrogen sulfide production feeble. 



Growth in broth with 1 .0 per cent NaCl 

 retarded; inhibited with 2.0 per cent. 



Very sensitive to acid (phenolphtha- 

 lein). 



Temperature relations : Optimum 25° 

 to 30°C. Minimum about 8°C. Maxi- 

 mum 34° to 35°C. Thermal death 

 point 43 °C for one hour. 



Aerobe and facultative anaerobe. 



Source : From various curcurbits. 



Habitat : Causes the wilt of cucumber, 

 also affects cantaloupes, muskmelons, 

 pumpkins and squashes. 



6a. Bacillus tracheiphilus var. cucumis 

 E. F. Smith. (An Introduction to Bact. 

 Dis. of Plants, 1920, 135.) Smith states 

 that squash is immune to this variety of 

 Erwinia tracheiphila. 



7. Erwinia betivora (Takimoto) Ma- 

 grou. {Bacillus belivorus Takimoto, Ann. 

 Phyt. Soc. Japan, 2, 1931, 356; Magrou, 

 in Hauduroy et al., Diet. d. Bact. Path., 

 Paris, 1937, 200). From Latin, devour- 

 ing the beet. 



Rod: Short rods, sometimes filaments. 

 Motile with 2 to 6 peritrichous flagella. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Circular or amoeboid, 

 homogenous, thin, edges smooth and 

 entire. 



Broth: Turbid with pellicle. 



Milk: Acid, coagulated. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Indole produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Gas from glucose and sucrose. 



Facultative anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature 35°C. Minimum 

 12°C. Maximum 45°C. Thermal death 

 point 50°C for 10 min. 



Source : From rot of sugar beets in 

 Korea. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on roots of beets. 

 Artificial inoculation of carrots, radishes, 

 potato tubers and tomato fruits gave 

 positive results. 



8. Erwinia carnegieana Lightle, Stand- 

 ring and Brown. (Phytopath., 3£, 1942, 

 310.) From the genus Carnegiea. 



Rods: 1.12 to 1.79 by 1.56 to 2.90 

 microns. Motile with peritrichous flag- 

 ella. Capsules. Gram-positive (Lightle 

 et al.). Gram-negative; old cultures 

 show Gram-positive granules in cells 

 (Burkholder). 



Gelatin: Slow liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Round, slightly raised, 

 smooth, gray-white, wet-shining, mar- 

 gins entire. 



Broth: Abundant growth. 



Uschinsky's solution: Turbid, slight 

 ring and sediment. 



Milk: Litmus pink to reduced. No 

 curdling. 



Nitrites are produced from nitrates. 



Hydrogen sulfide is formed (Burk- 

 holder) . 



Acid and gas from glucose, galactose, 

 fructose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose, 

 mannitol and salicin. Acid and gas 

 from lactose and xylose and alkali from 

 sodium tartrate (Burkholder). 



Starch not hydrolyzed (Burkholder). 



No odor. 



Aerobic. 



Thermal death point 59°C. 



Source : From rotting tissue of the giant 

 cactus (Carnegiea gigantia). 



Habitat : Pathogenic on the giant cac- 

 tus, but not on carrots. 



9. Erwinia atroseptica (van Hall) 

 Jennison. (Bacillus atrosepticus van 

 Hall, Inaug. Diss., Amsterdam, 1902, 

 134; Jennison, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 

 10, 1923, 43.) From Latin ater, black 

 and septicus, putrefying. 



Synonyms: Morse (Jour. Agr. Res., 8, 

 1917, 79) lists the following synonyms: 

 Bacillus solanisaprus Harrison, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 17, 1906, 34 (Erwinia 

 solanisapra Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 

 222) and Bacillus melanogenes Pethy- 

 bridge and Murphy, Roy. Irish Acad. 

 Proc, 29, B, No. 1, 1911, 31. 



Paine (Jour. Agr. Sci., 8, pt. 4, 1917, 



