470 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



terium carotovorum Waldee, Iowa State 

 Coll. Jour. Sci., 19, 1945, 469.) From 

 Latin, carrot destroying. 



Synonyms : Leach (Minnesota Agr. 

 E.xp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 76, 1931, 18) lists 

 the following as synonyms : 



Bacillus airosepticus van Hall. (Van 

 Hall, Inaug. Diss., Univ. Amsterdam, 

 1902, 134; Erwinia atroseptica Jennison, 

 Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 10, 1923, 43.) 



Bacillus phijlophthorus Appel. (Ber. 

 d. deut. Bot. Ges., 20, 1902, 128; Erwinia 

 phytophthora Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 

 1920, 222; Bacterium phytophthorum 

 Burgwitz, Phytopath. Bacteria, Lenin- 

 grad, 1935, 141; Pectohacterium phyto- 

 phthorum Waldee, Iowa State Coll. Jour. 

 Sci., 19, 1945,471). 



Bacillus solanisaprus Harrison. (Har- 

 rison, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 17, 1907, 

 34; Erivinia solanisapra Holland, Jour. 

 Bact., 5, 1920, 222.) 



Bacillus melanogenes Pethybridge and 

 Murphy. (Roy. Irish Acad., 29, B, No. 

 1, 1911, 31.) 



Bacillus oleraceae Harrison. (Harri- 

 son, Science, 16, 1902, 152; Erivinia olera- 

 ceae Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 222.) 



Bacillus omnivorus van Hall. (Inaug. 

 Diss., Univ. Amsterdam, 1902, 176.) 



Bacillus apivorus Wormald. (Jour. 

 Sci., 6, 1914, 203.) 



Elrod (Bot. Gaz., 103, 1941, 270) 

 holds that Erwinia aroideae is a synonym 

 of Erivinia carotovora. 



The following also have been considered 

 as possible synonyms of Erwinia caro- 

 tovora : 



Bacillus cepivorus Delacroix. (Dela- 

 croix, Ann. Inst. Nat. Agron., Ser 2, 

 5, 1905, 368; Bacterium cepivorum Stapp, 

 in Sorauer, Handb. d. Pflanzenkrank- 

 heiten, 5 Aufl., 2, 1928, 49; Aplanobacter 

 cepivorus Elliott, Man. Bact. Plant Path., 

 1930, 4; Phytomonas cepivora Magrou, 

 in Hauduroy et al.. Diet. d. Bact. Path., 

 1937, 344.) Causes a rot of onion bulbs. 



Bacillus cypripedii Hori. (Hori, 



Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 31, 1911, 85; 

 Erwinia cxjpripedii Bergey et al . , Manual , 

 1st ed., 1923, 171.) 



Bacillus dahliae Her. and Bokuii 

 (Hori and Bokura, Imp. Agr. Expt. Sta. 

 Nishigahara, 38, 1911 , 69 ; Erwinia dahliae 

 Magrou, in Hauduroy et al.. Diet. d. 

 Bact. Path., 1937, 205.) 



Pseudomonas destructans Potter. 

 (Potter, Proc. Univ. Durham Philos. 

 Soc, 1899, 165 and Proc. Roy. Soc, 67, 

 1900, 449; Bacterium destructans Nakata, 

 Nakajima and Takimoto, Tech. Rept. 

 Korea Ind. Farm, 1922; Phytomonas 

 destructans Bergey et al., Manual, 3rd 

 ed., 1930, 264.) See Paine (Ann. Appl. 

 Biol., 5, 1918, 64) for a discussion of this 

 species. 



Bacillus hyacinthi septicus Heinz. 

 (Heinz, Cent. f. Bakt., 5, 1889, 539; 

 Bacillus hyacinthi-scpticus Lehmann and 

 Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 2 Aufl., 2, 1899, 

 449 ; Bacterium hyacinthi septicus Ches- 

 ter, Ann. Rept. Del. Col. Agr. Exp. 

 Sta., 9, 1897, 127; Bacillus hyacinthi 

 Migula, Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 1900, 874; not 

 Bacillus hyacinthi Trevisan, I generi e 

 le specie delle Batteriacec, 1899, 19; 

 Ertcinia hyacinthi septica Alagrou, in 

 Hauduroy et al.. Diet. d. Bact. Path., 

 1937, 208.) 



Rods: Usually 0.7 to 0.8 by 1.5 to 5.0 

 microns, occasionallj^ in chains. Stain 

 rather slowly with aniline colors, well 

 with LofHer's methylene blue. No cap- 

 sules ob.served. .Vctively motile with 

 peritrichous flagella. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin stab : Rapid surface liquefac- 

 tion, slower in depth (Jones). Some 

 strains very slow liquefiers. 



Agar colonies: After 2 days, circular, 

 convex, smooth, grayish-white, moist, 

 glistening. Margins sharp, entire. 



Agar slant : Growth thin, grayish- 

 white, moist, glistening, butyrous. Me- 

 diuni not discolored. 



Broth : Turbid, with pellicle and white 

 fiocculent sediment. Slow alkaline pro- 

 duction. 



Litmus milk: After 4 days, coagu- 

 lated, acid, with separation of whey. 

 Cheesy odor. Litmus reduced. Slightly 

 peptonized. 



