FAM ILY FNTEROBACTERIACEAE 



471 



Potato: Growth thick, creamy-white; 

 medium softened. 



Dunham's solution: Feeble persistent 

 turbidity. 



Blood serum : Growth much as on agar. 

 Not liquefied. 



Uschinsky's solution : Strong turbidity. 



Indole production none. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Diastase negative. 



No H2S produced or only a trace. 



No ammonia produced. 



Methyl red positive, Voges-Proskauer 

 negative (Dowson, Cent. f. Bakt., II 

 Abt., 100, 1939, 183). 



Acid and gas from glucose, lactose, 

 sucrose, fructose, raffinose, mannitol, 

 arabinose, .xylose, salicin and rhamnose. 

 Acid without gas from glycerol and ethyl 

 alcohol. Butyl alcohol, inulin and starch 

 not fermented. 



Facultative anerobe. 



Temperature relations : Optimum 25° 

 to 30°C. Minimum 4°C. Maximum 38° 

 to 39°C. Thermal death point 41° to 

 51 °C. 



Pathogenesis: Causes a rapid soft rot 

 of roots, rhizomes, fruits and the fleshy 

 stems of a variety of plants. 



Source : From rotted carrots. 



Habitat : Causes a soft rot in carrot , 

 cabbage, celery, cucumber, egg-plant, 

 iris, muskmelon, hyacinth, onion, pars- 

 nip, pepper, potato, radish, tomato, 

 turnip, and other plants. 



11. Erwinia erivanensis (Kalantarian) 

 Bergey et al. {Bacterium erivanense 

 Kalantarian, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 

 65, 1925, 298; Bacillus einvanensis Stapp, 

 in Sorauer, Handb. d. Pflanzenkr., 5 

 Aufl., 2, 1928, 202; Bergey et al.. Manual, 

 3rd ed., 1930, 239.) Derived from 

 Erivan, a city in Armenia. 



Whether this organism is to be con- 

 sidered a chromogenic strain or a distinct 

 species is impossible to determine ; there- 

 fore, it occupies its present position 

 tentatively. It cannot be separated 

 from Erwinia carotovora on the basis of 



chromogenesis since the latter occasion- 

 ally shows a tendency to the formation 

 of a faint yellowish pigment. 



Rods : 0.5 to 0.7 by 1.25 to 2.5 microns. 

 Motile with peritrichous flagella. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin colonies: After 3 days at 20°C, 

 circular, 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter, yellow- 

 ish-white, convex, entire. Microscopi- 

 cally gray with opaque borders and darker 

 patches. 



Gelatin stab : Surface growth somewhat 

 umbonate. In 10 to 12 days a slow lique- 

 faction. Intense yellow growth. 



Agar colonies: Grayish-white, fatty 

 lustre, turning yellow after several days. 



Agar slant: Growth grayish-white, 

 fatty lustre, becoming yellow. 



Broth : Strong more or less flocculent 

 turbidity. No surface growth. Little 

 sediment . 



Potato: Growth somewhat raised, be- 

 coming yellowish. 



Milk: Coagulated in 14 days, becoming 

 alkaline, slowly clearing. 



Indole is formed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Acid and gas from glucose, sucrose and 

 mannitol. No gas from lactose and 

 glycerol. 



Optimum temperature 20°C. 



Source : From cotton plants. 



Habitat : Causes a root-rot of cotton 

 (Gossypium sp.). 



12. Erwinia flavida (Fawcett) Magrou. 

 {Bacillus flavidus Fawcett, Rev. Indust. 

 y Agrico. de Tucuman, 13, 1922, 5; Rev. 

 Xpp. Mycology, 2, 1923, 338; not Bacillus 

 flavidus Morse, Jour. Inf. Dis., 11, 1912, 

 284; Magrou, in Hauduroy et al.. Diet, 

 d. Bact. Path., 1937, 207.) From Latin 

 flavus, yellow. 



Morphology : Motile with peritrichous 

 flagella. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Yellow growth. Liquefac- 

 tion. 



Milk: Coagulated. 



Potato: Yellow growth. 



Indole is formed. 



