472 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Acid and gas from glucose, lactose and 

 sucrose. 



Diastase not formed. 



Source : From sugar cane. 



Habitat : Causes a soft rot of sugar cane 

 (Saccharum officinarum). 



Note : If this decay is due to a simple 

 organism as stated above, it is probable 

 that it should be considered merely a 

 chromogenic strain of Erwinia carotovora. 



13. Erwinia dissolvens (Rosen) comb, 

 nov. {Pseudomonas dissolvens Rosen, 

 Phytopath., 12, 1922, 497; Phytomonas 

 dissolvens Rosen, Phytopath., 16, 1926, 

 264; Bacterium dissolvens Rosen, ibid.; 

 Aplanobacter dissolvens Rosen, ibid.; 

 Aerobacter dissolvens Waldee, Iowa State 

 Coll. Jour. Sci., 19, 1945, 473.) From 

 Latin, dissolving. 



Rods: 0.5 to 0.9 by 0.7 to 1.2 microns. 

 Pairs, rarely in chains. Capsules pres- 

 ent. First described as motile with a 

 single flagellum; later as non-motile. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Not liquefied. 



Agar colonies: Round, margins entire, 

 white, opaque, glistening, butyrous, 

 emitting a strong odor of decaying vege- 

 tables. 



Broth : Turbid with heavy surface 

 growth consisting of ring, and floccules 

 or compact slimj^ masses and streamers. 

 Abundant sediment. 



Uschinsky's solution: Good growth, 

 but not viscid. 



Litmus milk: Acid, coagulated. 



Indole produced. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Acid and gas from glucose, galactose, 

 mannitol, sucrose, maltose, lactose and 

 glycerol. 



Starch hj'drolyzed. 



Optimum temperature 30°C. 



Good growth in 3 per cent salt. Re- 

 tarded at 4 per cent. 



Source: From rotting corn stalks. 



Habitat : Pathogenic in corn plants. 



14. Erwinia nimipressuralis Carter. 

 (Illinois Nat. Hist. Survey Bull. 23, 

 1945, 423.) From Latin nimis, too 

 much and pressuralis, pertaining to 

 pressure. 



Rods: Mostly 0.34 to 0.68 by 0.68 to 

 1.35 microns. Motile with as many as 

 6 peritrichous flagella. Capsules not 

 observed. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Not liquefied. 



Potato glucose agar : Colonies circular, 

 smooth, whitish-cream, entire, flat to 

 slightly raised and usually opaque. Gas 

 produced when medium is stabbed. 



Broth : Abundant with thin pellicle 

 or flocculent surface growth. Sediment 

 scant and viscid. Gas produced in 

 nutrient broth plus glucose was 47 per 

 cent CO2 and 2.4 per cent hydrogen. 

 CO2 varied with age of culture, more 

 being produced in young cultures. 



Milk: Acid, coagulated. Litmus and 

 bromocresol purple are reduced. Not 

 peptonized. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Indole not produced. 



Acid and gas produced from arabinose, 

 rhamnose, xylose, glucose, fructose, 

 galactose, mannose, lactose, maltose, 

 trehalose, melibiose, cellobiose, manni- 

 tol, sorbitol and salicin; no acid or gas 

 from inulin, dextrin or filterpaper; 

 variable results from sucrose, raffinose, 

 melezitose, dulcitol, glycerol and elm 

 sawdust. Pectin is not fermented. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Methyl red test positive. Acetyl- 

 methylcarbinol produced. 



Facultative anaerobe. 



Optimum temperature 24° to 30°C. 

 Maximum 37°C. Minimum 5°C or lower. 

 Thermal death point 45° to 55°C. 



Optimum pH for growth 6.8 to 7.5. 

 Maximum 10.0+. Minimum 4.6. 



Source : Five cultures from 5 different 

 trees affected with wet wood. 



Habitat : Pathogenic in trunk wood of 

 elms, Ulmus americana, U. pumila, U. 

 fulva and U. procera. 



