474 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



17. Erwinia aroideae (Towusend) Hol- 

 land. {Bacillus aroideae Townsend, U. 

 S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Ind. Bull. 60, 

 1904, 40; Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 

 222; Bacterium aroideae Stapp, in Sor- 

 auer, Handb. d. Pflanzenkr., 5 Aufl., 

 2, 1928, 41 ; Pectobacterium aroideae 

 Waldee, Iowa State Coll. Jour. Sci., 19, 

 1945, 472.) From Greek, pertaining to 

 the family Araceae. 



Probable synonyms : Erwinia croci 

 (Mizusawa) IVIagrou. {Bacillus croci 

 Mizusawa, Kanag. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 

 51, 1921, 1; Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan, 

 1, 1923, 1; Magrou, in Hauduroy et al.. 

 Diet. d. Bact. Path., 1937, 204.) Attacks 

 Crocus saiivus, also onion. 



Erwinia melonis (Giddings) Holland. 

 {Bacillus melonis Giddings, Vermont 

 Agr. E.xp. Sta. Bull. 148, 1910, 413; Hol- 

 land, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 222; Pectobac- 

 terium melonis Waldee, Iowa State Coll. 

 Jour. Sci., 19, 1945, 473.) E. F. Smith 

 (An Introduction to Bact. Dis. of Plants, 

 1920, 240) considered Erwinia melonis 

 and Erwinia aroideae identical. Causes 

 a soft rot of muskmelon. 



Erwinia papaveris (Ayyar) Magrou. 

 (Bacillus papaveris Ayyar, Mem. Dept. 

 Agr. India, Bact. Ser. 2, 1927, 29 ; Magrou, 

 in Hauduroy et al.. Diet. d. Bact. Path., 

 1937, 214.) The cause of a soft rot of the 

 garden poppy. 



Rods: 0.5 by 2 to 3 microns, with 

 rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs 

 and in fours, also in chains under certain 

 conditions. Motile with peritrichous 

 flagella. No capsules. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin stab : Narrow infundibuliform 

 liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Circular to amoeboid, 

 white, glistening. Borders sharp. Gran- 

 ular structure. 



Agar slant : Growth white to grayish- 

 white, moist, glistening. Medium not 

 discolored. 



Broth: Turbid. 



Potato: Growth whitish, with tinge of 

 yellow. Medium graj^ed. 



Litmus milk: Coagulated, acid, with 



separation of whey, not peptonized. 

 Litmus reduced. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol produced. 



IMethyl red negative (Dowson, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 183). 



Acid without gas from glucose, lactose, 

 sucrose, maltose, mannitol, glycerol, 

 fructose, raffinose, arabinose and xylose. 

 Growth in closed arm. 



Diastase slight. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Uschinsky's solution: Good growth. 



No growth in nitrogen. Growth feeble 

 in Ho and CO2. 



Temperature relations : Optimum 35 °C. 

 Minimum 6°C. Maximum 41 °C. Ther- 

 mal death point 50°C for 10 minutes. 



Facultative anaerobe. 



Differential characters: See Erwinia 

 carotovora. INIassey (Phytopath., 14, 

 1924, 460) considered Erwinia aroideae 

 and Erwinia carotovora distinct species, 

 though closely related. Link and Talia- 

 ferro (Bot. Gazette, 85, 1928, 198) found 

 them distinct serologically. Dowson 

 (Ann. Appl. Biol., 28, 1941, 102) differen- 

 tiated them on their action on maltose 

 and xylose. 



Source : From rotted calla lily. 



Habitat : Causes a soft rot of calla. 

 Affects raw potato, egg-plant, cauli- 

 flower, radish, cucumber, cabbage, pars- 

 nip, turnip, salsify, tomato (ripe and 

 green). 



18. Erwinia mangiferae (Doidge) Ber- 

 gey et al. {Bacillus mangiferae Doidge, 

 Ann. Appl. Biol., ^, 1915, 1; Bergeyetal., 

 iManual, 1st ed., 1923, 173.) Named for 

 the genus, Mangifera. 



P^ods: 0.6 by 1.5 microns, occurring 

 singly and in chains, with rounded ends. 

 Encapsulated. Motile with peritrichous 

 flagella. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin stab : Medium liquefied in 10 

 to 17 days. Growth yellow. 



Agar colonies: Glistening, yellowish, 

 undulate borders. 



