492 MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



TRIBE V. SALMONELLEAE BERGEY, BREED AND MURRAY. 



(Preprint, Manual, 5th ed., October, 1938, vi.) 



Rods that are either motile with peritrichous flagella or non-motile. Attack 

 numerous carbohydrates with the formation of acid, or acid and gas. Lactose, su- 

 crose and salicin are not ordinarily attacked. Do not produce acetylmethylcarbinol. 

 Gelatin not liquefied (exceptions have been noted, but are rare). Urea not hydro- 

 lyzed. Milk not peptonized. No spreading growth on ordinary 2 to 3 per cent agar. 

 Live in the bodies of warm-blooded animals, including man, occasionally in reptiles, 

 and frequently in food eaten by these animals. 



Key to the genera of tribe Salmonelleae. 



I. Ferments glucose with the formation of acid and, with few exceptions, gas. 



Genus I. Salmonella, p. 492. 

 II. Ferments glucose with the formation of acid but. with rare exceptions, no gas. 



Genus II. Shigella, p. 535. 



Genus I. Salmonella Lignieres* 

 (Rec. de m^d. v^t., S6r. 8, 7, 1900, 389.) 



Usuallj' motile, but non-motile forms occur. Produce acid and gas from glucose, 

 maltose, mannitol and sorbitol (except that in Salmonella typhosa and S. gallinarum 

 no gas is produced). Lactose, sucrose and salicin not attacked. Do not clot milk, 

 form indole or liquefy gelatin. Reduce trimethylamine oxide to trimethylamine.f 

 All of the known species are pathogenic for warm-blooded animals, including man, 

 causing food infections and enteric fevers. A few are found in reptiles. Some or all 

 may also live in decomposing foods. 



Although fermentation of lactose, sucrose and salicin, formation of indole, gelatin 

 liquefaction and failure to produce gas have been described for organisms serologi- 

 cally belonging to Salmonella, the practical recognition of this genus and studies of 

 its constituent species suggest that these be looked upon as exceptions which do not 

 invalidate the biochemical definition of the genus. Serological definition of the 

 limits of the genus is fraught with many practical and theoretical difficulties. In- 

 deed, there is increasing evidence of antigenic affinities of varying degree between 

 Escherichia, Salmonella and Shigella. This is well reviewed by Bornstein (Jour. 

 Immunol., 46, 1943, 439) . Within the limits of the genus Salmonella, serological rela- 



* Completely revised by Prof. Frederick Smith, McGill Univ., Montreal, P. Q., 

 Canada, December, 1938; further revision, 1946. Manuscript read by Dr. F. KaufT- 

 mann, State Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark and by Dr. Philip Edwards and 

 Dr. D. W. Bruner, Agri. Exper. Sta., Lexington, Kentucky, May, 1946. These spe- 

 cialists have also assisted in completing references and in compiling records of the 

 distribution of types. 



t Wood and Baird, Jour. Fish. Res. Board Canada, 6, 1943, 194. 



