FAMILY r:NTEROBACTERIACEAE 



521 



and related to Salmonella iyphosa. [I] 

 antigen noted by Kauffmann (Acta 

 Path, et Microbiol. Scand., Suppl. 54, 

 1944, 36). 



Source and habitat: The causative 

 agent of fowl typhoid (clearly to be dis- 

 tinguished from fowl cholera), and 

 identical with Moore's infectious leu- 

 kemia of fowls. Infectious for rabbits 

 and all poultry, canaries and certain 

 wild birds (quail, grouse, pheasant) by 

 feeding or by injection. Found once in 

 a normal human carrier. 



85. Salmonella pullorum (Rettger) 

 Bergey et al. (Bacterium pullorum 

 Rettger, Jour. Med. Res., ^7 (N.S. 16), 

 1909, 117; also see Rettger, X. Y. Med. 

 Jour., 71, 1900, 803; ibid., 73, 1901, 267; 

 Rettger and Harvey, Jour. Med. Res., 

 18 (N.S. 13), 1908, 277; Bacillus pullorum. 

 Smith and Ten Broeck, Jour. Med. Res., 

 31 (N. S. 26), 1915, 547; Bergey et al.. 

 Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 218; Typus pul- 

 lorum, Kauffmann, Zentbl. f. d. ges. 

 Hyg., £5, 1931, 273.) From Latin, of 

 chickens. 



Rods: 0.3 to 0.5 by 1.0 to 2.5 microns, 

 occurring singly. Xon-motile. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Grayish-white, 

 moist, lobate, with grape-leaf surface. 



Gelatin stab: Slight, grayish surface 

 growth. No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Grayish-white, smooth, 

 glistening, entire to undulate. 



Agar slant: Develops as discrete, 

 translucent colonies. 



Broth: Turbid. 



Litmus milk: Acid, becoming alkaline. 

 No coagulation. 



Potato: Slow development, grayish. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, 

 galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, 

 mannitol and rhamnose. Does not at- 

 tack lactose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin, 

 salicin, raffinose, sorbitol, adonitol, 

 dulcitol or inositol. Gas may be slight 

 or absent (cf. Salmonella gallinarum). 



Xylose may be fermented late (see Wel- 

 din, Iowa State Coll. Jour. Sci., 1, 1927, 

 165K ^Maltose fermenting strains may 

 occur (Hinshaw, Brown© and Taylor, 

 Jour. Inf. Dis., 73, 1943, 197). 



Reduces trimethylamine oxide (Wood 

 and Baird, loc. cit.). 



Hydrogen sulfide is formed. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature 37°C. 



Antigenic structure, IX, XII: — : 

 The complete antigenic formula of 

 S. pullorum is IX, XIL, XIL, XII3, while 

 that of S. gallinarum seems to be IX, 

 XIIi, XII3. Antigen XIIo is variable in 

 S. pullorum (Edwards and Bruner, Cor- 

 nell Vet., 36, 1946, 318) and XII2++ and 

 XII2+ forms occur. The XII2+- forms 

 are synonj^mous with the X strains of 

 Younie (Can. Jour. Comp. Med., 5, 

 1941, 164). 



Source: Isolated from chickens and 

 other birds, as well as calves, hogs, rab- 

 bits and man. Occasionally produces 

 food poisoning or gastroenteritis in 

 man (Mitchell, Garlock and Broh- 

 Kahn, Jour. Inf. Dis., 79, 1946, 57). 



Habitat: The cause of white diarrhoea 

 in young chicks. Infects the ovaries and 

 eggs of adult birds. 



85a. Salmonella f/allinarum var. Duis- 

 burg. (Miiller, IMtinch. med. Wchnschr., 

 80, 1933, 1771 ; Kauffmann, Cent. f. Bakt., 

 I Abt., Orig., 132, 1934, 337.) 



Antigenically identical with Salmo- 

 nella gallinarum ixiid Salmonella pullorum. 

 Differs from Salmonella gallinarum in its 

 slow fermentation of maltose, failure to 

 ferment d-tartrate and in not forming 

 H2S. 



Source and habitat: Isolated from 

 acute gastroenteritis in man. 



86. Salmonella sp. (Type Canastel). 

 {Salmonella canastel Pcandall and Bruner, 

 Jour. Bact., Jf9, 1945, 511.) Source of 

 name not given. 



Liquefies gelatin. 



Antigenic structure: IX, XII: Z29: 

 1,5.... 



