FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE 



537 



Does not attack xylose, maltose, lactose, 

 sucrose, dextrin, glycerol, mannitol or 

 dulcitol. 



Indole is produced. 



Does not reduce trimethylamine oxide 

 (Wood et al., Jour. Bact., 46, 1943, 106). 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature 37°C. Does 

 not grow at 45.5°C (Stuart et al., Jour. 

 Bact., J^6, 1943, 105). 



Serologicall}" homogeneous and differ- 

 ent from the other species of Shigella. 

 Does not form an exotoxin. 



Source : Found in feces in a dysentery 

 epidemic in a prison in Germany. 



Habitat: A cause of human dysentery. 



3. Shigella gintottensis (Castellani) 

 Hauduroy et al. (Bacillus ginlollensis 

 Castellani, 1910; see Castellani and 

 Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 

 1919, 948; Lankoides gintottensis Castel- 

 lani and Chalmers, ibid. ,938; Castellanus 

 gintottensis Castellani, 1930; Castellani, 

 Jour. Trop. Med. and Hyg., 36, 1933, 

 109; Hauduroy et al., Diet. d. Bact. 

 Path., 1937, 488.) 



Rods: Non-motile. Gram-negative. 



Morphology and cultural characters 

 indistinguishable from those of Shigella 

 dysenteriae. 



Litmus milk: Acid and coagulation; 

 decolorized. 



Indole not formed. 



Acid, but no gas, from lactose, glu- 

 cose, arabinose and galactose. No acid 

 from sucrose, dulcitol, mannitol, mal- 

 tose, dextrin, raffinose, adonitol, inulin, 

 sorbitol, levulose, inositol, salicin and 

 glycerol. 



Antigenic structure not known. 



Source: From feces in cases of dysen- 

 tery. 



Habitat : A cause of human dysentery. 



4. Shigella paradysenteriae (Collins) 

 Weldin. {Bacillus dysenteriae Flexner, 

 Phil. Med. Jour., 6, 1900, 414; Bacillus 

 dysenteriae Hiss and Russell, Medical 

 News, 82, 1903, 289; Bacillus dysenteriae 

 Strong, Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 35, 



190G, 498; Bacillus paradysenteriae Col- 

 lins, Jour. Inf. Dis., 2, 1905, 620; includes 

 weakly toxic strains of dysentery bacilli, 

 Groups I and II, Sonne, Cent. f. Bakt., 

 I Abt., Orig., 75, 1915, 408; Shigella 

 flexneri Castellani and Chalmers, Man. 

 Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 1919, 937; Shigella 

 dysenteriae (Hiss and Russell, and Strong 

 types) Castellani and Chalmers, ihid., 

 937; not Shigella paradysenteriae Castel- 

 lani and Chalmers, ibid., 937; Bacillus 

 flexneri Levine, Jour. Inf. Dis., 27, 1920, 

 31; Bacterium flexneri Levine, Abst. 

 Bact., 4, 1920, 15; Bacterium dysenteriae 

 (Flexner type) and Bacterium paradysen- 

 teriae Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 215; 

 Eberthella flexneri Weldin and Levine, 

 Abst. Bact., 7, 1923, 13; Eberthella para- 

 dysenteriae Bergey et al., Manual, 1st 

 ed., 1923, 230; Weldin, Iowa State Col- 

 lege Jour. Sci., 1, 1927, 178.) Latinized, 

 like dysenter^^ 



Rods: 0.5 by 1.0 to 1.5 microns. Non- 

 motile. Gram-negative. 



Morphologically these organisms are 

 like Shigella dysenteriae. 



Culturallj^ these organisms differ from 

 Shigella dysenteriae in that they ferment 

 mannitol. No acid is produced from 

 lactose, rhanmose, xylose or dulcitol. 



Does not reduce trimethylamine oxide 

 (Wood et al.. Jour. Bact., 46, 1943, 106). 



Does not form a potent exotoxin. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature 37 °C. Does 

 not grow at 45.5°C (Stuart et al., Jour. 

 Bact., 46, 1943, 105). 



Antigenically the organisms of this 

 species are not homogeneous. 



Boyd (Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. 

 and Hyg., 33, 1940, 553) has shown that 

 the mannitol -fermenting Shigella include 

 many organisms previously unknown or 

 unclassified because they did not agree 

 with the classical types of Andrewes and 

 Inman (Med. Res. Council, Special 

 Rept. Ser. No. 42, London, 1919). With 

 these, on grounds of antigenic structure, 

 will be included the gas-forming Man- 

 chester bacillus of Downie, Wade and 

 Young (Jour. Hyg., 33, 1933, 196) and 



