540 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Pathogenic for canaries, sparrows, 

 pigeons, white mice, guinea pigs and 

 rabbits. Not pathogenic for chiclcens 

 (Pfaff, loc. cit., 280). 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature 37 °C. 



Source: First encountered in an epi- 

 demic of septicemia in canaries. Caused 

 a necrotic enteritis. 



Habitat: Not known from other 

 sources. 



7. Shigella sonnei (Levine) Weldin. 

 (Duval's bacillus, Duval, Jour. Amer. 

 Med. Assn., 43, 1904, 381; Pseudodysen- 

 tery bacillus E, Kruse, Deutsche med. 

 Wchnschr., 23, 1907, 292, 338; Bacillus 

 ceylonensis A, Castellani, Jour. Hyg., 

 7, 1907, 1; Group III of Sonne, Sonne, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 75, 1915, 

 408; Bacillus dispar (in part) Andrewes, 

 Lancet, 1, 1918, 560 (see Shigella cey- 

 lonensis and Shigella madampensis) ; Ba- 

 cillus of Sonne, Thj0tta, Jour. Bact., 4, 

 1919, 355; Bacterium sonnei Levine, 

 Jour. Inf. Dis., 27, 1920, 31; Bacillus 

 dysenteriae Sonne, Smith, Jour. Hyg., 23, 

 1924, 94; Weldin, Iowa Sta. Coll. Jour. 

 Sci., /, 1927, 182; Castellamis kruse- 

 castellani Cerruti, Jour. Trop. Med. and 

 Hyg., 33, 1930, 207; Shigella paradysen- 

 teriae var. sonnei Bergey et al., INIanual, 

 4th ed., 1934, 393; Proshigella sonnei 

 Borman, Stuart and Wheeler, Jour. 

 Bact., 48, 1944, 363.) Named for Dr. 

 Carl Sonne, who worked with this 

 organism. 



Rods: Non -motile. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Cultures dissociable 

 into two types: (1) Glistening sur- 

 face, 2 mm in diameter in 24 hours, soft, 

 grayish, edge entire; (2) Granular sur- 

 face, 3 to 4 mm in diameter in 24 hours, 

 soft, grayish, edge tending to spread un- 

 evenly, surface developing, after some 

 days, papillae (daughter colonies) which 

 are lactose-fermenting. Some colonies 

 of type 1 change to type 2 on continued 



incubation. The colony types do not 

 breed true. 



Broth: Many authors stress the floccu- 

 lent growth, associated with spontaneous 

 agglutination in saline solution. These 

 appear to be dependent on growth condi- 

 tions and time of incubation. 



Litmus milk: Acid and with about 50 

 per cent of strains coagulation. Coagu- 

 lation tends to occur later than the fer- 

 mentation of lactose in peptone water. 



Indole is not produced. 



Acid, but no gas, from lactose (about 

 2 per cent of strains are lactose -negative 

 after 2 months incubation), glucose, 

 fructose, maltose, galactose, rhamnose, 

 mannitol, arabinose, raffinese and suc- 

 rose. No acid from dulcitol, inulin, 

 inositol, adonitol, xylose (xylose is occa- 

 sionally fermented) and salicin. 



Fermentation of substances other than 

 the monosaccharides may require days 

 or weeks. 



Reduces trimeth3damine oxide to tri- 

 methylamine (Wood et al.. Jour. Bact., 

 46, 1943, 106). 



Serologically Shigella sonnei is divis- 

 ible into two types, which do not corre- 

 spond with the colony types described 

 above. Most freshly isolated strains 

 absorb agglutinins completely from all 

 Shigella sonnei antisera, while most stock 

 strains absorb only partially from other 

 than antisera of the second serological 

 type. There exist minor serological re- 

 lationships between Shigella sonnei and 

 Shigella paradysenteriae, Shigella alka- 

 lescens and Shigella madampensis. 



Optimum temperature 37 °C. Grows 

 at 45.5°C (Stuart et al., Jour. Bact., 46, 

 1943, 105). 



Source: From feces in cases of dysen- 

 tery. 



Habitat: A cause of mild dysentery in 

 man; summer diarrhoea in children. 



8. Shigella equirulis (de Blieck and 

 van Heelsbergen) Edwards. (Bacillus 

 nephritidis equi Meyer, Transvaal Dept. 

 Agr. Rept. Gov. Bac, 1908-1909, 122; 

 Bacterium viscosum equi Magnusson, 



