542 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



that this species should be placed in the 

 genus Actinohacilhis. 



Distinctive characters : Differentiation 

 from Shigella sonnei is made on cultural 

 and morphological grounds and imme- 

 diate fermentation of lactose. 



Source: Isolated from cases of joint- 

 ill in foals. 



Habitat: Causes joint-ill in foals. 



9. Shigella ceylonensis (Castellani) 

 Weldin. {Bacillus ceylonensis B, Cas- 

 tellani, Jour. Hyg., 7, 1907, 1; Bacillus 

 dispar (in part) Andrewcs, Lancet, 1, 



1918, 560 (see Shigella madampensis and 

 Shigella sonnei. Andrewes included in 

 Bacillus dispar all lactose -fermenting 

 members of the dysentery group) ; 

 Lankoides ceylonensis B, Castellani and 

 Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 



1919, 938; Eberthella dispar Bergey et al., 

 Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 232 (see Shigella 

 madavvpensis) ; Weldin, Iowa Sta. Coll. 

 Jour. Sci., 1, 1927, 182; Castallanus cas- 

 tellanii Cerruti, Jour. Trop. Med. and 

 Hyg., 33, 1930, 207.) Latinized, per- 

 taining to Ceylon. 



Rods: Non-motile. Gram-negative. 



Morphology and colony characters 

 indistinguishable from those of Shigella 

 dysenteriae . 



Gelatin not liquehed. 



Litmus milk: Acid with coagulation. 



Indole is formed. 



Acid, but no gas, from lactose, glu- 

 cose, fructose, sucrose, mannitol, dulci- 

 tol, maltose, .xylose, arabinose, rham- 

 nose, sorbitol, raffinose, de.xtrin and 

 glycerol. Inulin, inositol, adonitol and 

 salicin not fermented (salicin differen- 

 tiates Shigella cetjlonensis from Bac- 

 terium coli anacrogencs Lembke, Arch. f. 

 Hyg., 26, 1896, 299). 



Substances other than the monosac- 

 charides are characteristically fermented 

 slowly. 



Reduces trimethylamine oxide to tri- 

 methylamine (Wood et al., Jour. Bact., 

 1,6, 1943, 106). 



Pathogenic for guinea pigs anil ral)bits. 



Serologically the organism is stated 

 by Castellani to be homogeneous and 



completely different from Shigella mad- 

 ampensis and Shigella sonnei. The rela- 

 tions to other members of the dysenter}' 

 group have not been stated. 



Optimum temperature 37 °C. Grows at 

 45.5°C (Stuart et al., Jour. Bact., 46, 



1943, 105). 



Source: Isolated from the stools and 

 intestines of persons suffering from 

 dysentery. 



Habitat: A cause of dysentery in man. 



10. Shigella madampensis (Castellani) 

 Weldin. {Bacillus madampensis Cas- 

 tellani, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 65, 

 1912, 262; Bacillus dispar (in part) An- 

 drewes, Lancet, 1, 1918, 560 (see Shigella 

 cetjlonensis and Shigella sonnei) ; Lan- 

 koides madampensis Castellani and Chal- 

 mers, Man. Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 1919, 

 938; Bacterium dispar Levine, Abst. 

 Bact., 4, 1920, 15; Eberthella dispar 

 Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 232 

 (see Shigella ceylonensis); Weldin, Iowa 

 Sta. Coll. Jour. Sci., .?, 1927, 181a; Shi- 

 gella dispar Bergey et al., Manual, 3rd 

 ed., 1930, 364; Proshigella dispar Borman, 

 Stuart and Wheeler, Jour. Bact., 4S, 



1944, 363.) 



Xeter (Bact. Rev., 6, 1942, 26) com- 

 bines Shigella ceylonensis and S. madam- 

 pensis into a single species which he 

 names Shigella castellani i. 



Strains currently existing in various 

 Type Collections as Bacillus dispar have 

 biochemical properties indistinguishable 

 from those described for Shigella madam- 

 pensis (Glynn and Starkey, Jour. Bact., 

 37, 1939, 315). 



Rods: Non-motile. Gram-negative. 



Morphology and colony characters in- 

 distinguishable from those of Shigella 

 (lyscnteriae. 



Gelatin not liquefied. 



Indole is formed. 



Litmus milk: Acid with coagulation. 



Acid, but no gas, from lactose, mal- 

 tose, sucrose, arabinose, xylose, glycerol, 

 mannitol, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, 

 galactose and dextrin. Dulcitol, salicin, 

 inulin, inositol and adonitol not fer- 

 mented. 



