-FAMILY ENTERCBACTERIACEAE 



543 



Substances other than monosaccharides 

 are characteristically fermented slowly. 



Reduces trimethj'lamine oxide to tri- 

 methylamine (Wood et al., Jour. Bact., 

 Jt6, 1943, 106). 



Serologically the organism is stated 

 by Castellani to be homogeneous and 

 completely different from Shigella ceij- 

 lonensis and Shigella sonnei. According 

 to Andrewes {loc. cit.), Bacillus dispar 

 is serologically distinct from Shigella 

 alkalescens and Shigella paradysenteriae. 

 Fifteen strains (Glynn and Starkey, 

 loc. cit.) from various sources, labelled 

 Bacillus dispar and conforming to the 

 above description, proved to be sero- 

 logically heterogeneous. 



Optimum temperature 37 °C. Grows at 

 45.5°C (Stuart et al.. Jour. Bact., 46, 

 1943, 105). 



Source: Isolated from human stools 

 and intestines. 



Habitat: Considered by Castellani to 

 be a cause of colitis and cystitis. 



11. Shigella septicaemiae (Bergey et 

 al.) Bergej- et al. (Bacillus septicaemiae 

 anserum exsudativae Riemer, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 37, 1904, 648; Eber- 

 thella septicaemiae Bergey et al., Manual, 

 2nd ed., 1925, 250; Bergey et al., Manual, 

 3rd ed., 1930, 358.) Latinized, of septi- 

 cemia . 



Small rods: 0.5 by 1.5 to 2.0 microns, 

 occurring singly, in pairs and in threads. 

 Motile. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies: Small, white, circular. 



Gelatin stab: Slight, infundibuliform 

 liquefaction, becoming complete in sev- 

 eral weeks. 



Agar colonies: Circular, transparent, 

 smooth, homogeneous, entire. 



Agar slant: Soft, grayish-white streak, 

 slightly viscid, becoming transparent. 



Does not grow on Endo agar. 



Broth: Slight, uniform turbidity, with 

 slight pellicle formation. 



Litmus milk: Unchanged. 



Potato: Xo growth. 



Blood serum: Yellowish-white streak, 

 the medium becoming brownish and 

 slowly liquefied. 



Indole is formed after several days. 



Slight acid and no gas from glucose. 

 Xo acid from lactose. 



Hydrogen sulfide is formed. 



X'ot pathogenic for white mice, guinea 

 pigs, chickens or pigeons. ^lildl}^ path- 

 ogenic for ducks. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature 37 °C. 



Source: Isolated from blood, exudates 

 and all of the internal organs of geese. 



Habitat : Cause of a fatal septicemia in 

 young geese. 



Appendix: The following species are 

 also found in the literature. Many are 

 incompletely described. 



Bacillus coli dijsentericum Ciecha- 

 nowski and Nowak. (Cent. f. Bakt., 

 I Abt., Orig., ^3, 1898, 445.) From a case 

 of dysentery. 



Bacillus dysenteriae Migula. (Bacil- 

 lus of Japanese dysentery, Ogata, Cent, 

 f. Bakt., 11, 1892, 264; Bacillus dysen- 

 teriae liquefaciens Kruse, in Fliigge, Die 

 Mikroorganismen, 3 Aufl., 2, 1896, 2&1; 

 Bacterium dysenteriae liquefaciens Ches- 

 ter, Ann. Rept. Del. Col. Agr. Exp. Sta., 

 9, 1897, 102; Migula, Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 



1900, 641; not Bacillus dysenteriae Shiga, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 24, 1898, 817; not 

 Bacillus dysenteriae Hiss and Russell, 

 :Medical Xews, 82, 1903, 289; not Bacillus 

 dysenteriae Strong, Jour. Amer. Med. 

 Assoc, 35, 1906, 498; not Bacillus dysen- 

 teriae Sonne, Smith, Jour. Hyg., 23, 

 1924, 94.) From a case of Japanese 

 dysentery. Motile. Gram-positive. 



Bacillus dysentericus Trevisan. (Ba- 

 cillus der Dysenteric, Klebs, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., 2, 1887, 248; Trevisan, I generi e 

 le specie delle Batteriacee, 1889, 14; not 

 Bacillus dysentericus Ruffer and Will- 

 more, Brit. Med. Jour., 2, 1909, 862.) 

 From feces. 



Bacterium pseudodysentericum Kruse. 

 (Kruse, Deutsche med. Wchnschr., 27, 



1901, 370, 386; Escherichia pseudodysen- 

 tcriae Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 

 1923, 198.) From feces. Motile. 



Bacterium wakefield Berger. (Jour. 



