FAMILY PARVOBACTERIACEAE 



OOO 



1. Malleomyces mallei (Zopf) Pri- 

 bram. (Rotzpilz, LofRer and Schlitz, 

 Deutsche med. Wchnschr., Xo. 52, 1882; 

 Bacillus mallei Zopf, Die Spaltpilze, 

 3 Aufl., 1885, 89; Rotzbacillus, Loffler, 

 Arb. kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte, 1, 1886, 

 222; Bacterium mallei 'Sligula, in Engler 

 and Prantl, Die natlirl. Pflanzenfam., 

 /, la, 1895, 21; Corynehacterium mallei 

 Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 

 2 Aufl., 2, 1899, 366; Mycobacterium mal- 

 lei Chester, Man. Determ. Bact., 1901, 

 353; Cladascus mallei Enderlein, Sitzber. 

 Gesell. Xaturf. Freunde Berlin, 1917, 

 395; Pfeifferella mallei Buchanan, Jour. 

 Bact., 3, 1918, 54; Sclerothrix mallei 

 Vuillemin, Encyclopedic Mycolog., Paris, 

 2, Champignons Parasites, 1931, 135; 

 Brucella mallei Pacheco, Revista da 

 Sociedado paulista de IMedicina veteri- 

 naria, 3, 1933, 1; Actinobacillus mallei 

 Thompson, Jour. Bact., £6, 1933, 226; 

 also Jour. Bact., 25, 1933, 44; Pribram, 

 Klassification der Schizomyceten. Leip- 

 zig and Vienna, 1933, 93; Loefflerella 

 mallei Gay et al., Agents of Disease and 

 Host Resistance, Indianapolis, 1935, 

 782.) From Latin malleus, glanders, a 

 disease of horses. 



Bacillus ozenae Trevisan (Corr. Ser., 

 1884, n. 222) is identical with this species 

 according to Trevisan (I generi e le specie 

 delle Batteriacee, 1889, 13). 



Description largely from Kelser, INIan. 

 Vet. Bact., 2nd ed., 1933, 325. 



Slender rods: 0.5 to 1.0 by 2.0 to 5.0 

 microns, with rounded ends, usually 

 occurring singly, in pairs and in groups, 

 but may grow into filaments. Branch- 

 ing involution forms on glycerol agar. 

 Show irregular staining. Bipolar stain- 

 ing common. Non-motile. Gram-nega- 

 tive . 



Gelatin: Poor growth. Usually' no 

 liquefaction. May be slowly liquefied 

 (Jordan, General Bact., 11th ed., 1935, 

 491). 



Agar colonies: Moist, grayish -white 

 laj'er, translucent, ropy, with regular 

 borders. Later become yellowish or 

 yellowish-brown. 



Agar slants; Glistening, moist, ropy, 

 grayish-white growth. 



Loffler's serum: Good growth. Moist, 

 viscid, yellowish colonies develop after 

 36 to 48 hours. 



Broth: Turbid, sometimes with thin 

 pellicle. Slimy or ropy sediment. 



Litmus milk: Coagulation usually 

 occurs after a week with some acid pro- 

 duction. Litmus maj' or may not be 

 reduced. 



Potato : After 36 to 48 hours, pale 

 yellow, hcney-drop-like colonies. Later 

 becoming darker, reddish-yellow or choc- 

 olate color. The medium sometimes has 

 a faint greenish tinge around the growth. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Carbohydrates usuallj' not fermented. 

 Some strains produce small amounts of 

 acid from glucose. 



Optimum temperature 37°C. No 

 growth below 20°C or above 44°C. 



Aerobic, facultative anaerobic. 



Common name : Glanders bacillus. 



Distinctive characters: Culture media 

 of slightly acid reaction best suited for 

 growth; addition of glycerol favors 

 growth ; honej'-like growth on potato. 



Source : Isolated by Loffler and Schiitz 

 from the liver and spleen of a horse. 

 Lesions in animals and man. 



Habitat : The cause of glanders, affect- 

 ing horses, man, sheep and goats. Trans- 

 missible to dogs, cats, rabbits and guinea 

 pigs. 



2. Malleomyces pseudomallei (Whit- 

 more) Breed. (Bacillus pseudomallei 

 Whitmore, Jour. Hyg., 13, 1913, 1 ; Bacil- 

 lus whitmori Stanton and Fletcher, 

 Trans. 4th Cong. Far East Assn. Trop. 

 Med., 2, 1921, 196; also Jour. Hyg., 23, 

 1925, 347; Pfeifferella pseudomallei Ford, 

 Textb. of Bact., 1927, 294 ; Flavobacterium 

 pseudomallei Bergey et al.. Manual, 3rd 

 ed., 1930, 146; Sclerothrix whilmori 

 Vuillemin, Encja^lop^die Mycolog., 2, 

 Champignons Parasites, 1931, 136; -4c- 

 finobacillus pseudom,allei Thompson, 

 Jour. Bad., 26, 1933, 226; also Jour. Bact., 



