FAMILY PARVOBACTERIACEAE 



587 



Hensel's organism).) From Latin, 

 whooping cough. 



Short, oval rods: 0.2 to 0.3 by 1.0 mi- 

 cron, occurring singlj^ or sometimes in 

 pairs and short chains. Show tendency 

 to bipolar staining. Capsules may be 

 demonstrated by special technic (Law- 

 son). Non-motile. Gram -negative. 



No growth on the usual laboratorj- 

 media; adapted by repeated transfer with 

 heavy inoculum. Adaptation accompa- 

 nied by loss of original characteristics. 



Bordet-Gengou medium or some modi- 

 fication containing at least 15 per cent 

 blood is optimum for isolation and main- 

 tenance. 



Colonies: Smooth, raised, entire, 

 pearly, glistening. Surrounded by a 

 zone of hemolysis. 



Litmus milk: (After adaptation) 

 brownish color. Alkaline. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



No action in carbohydrate media. 



Catalase positive. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature 37 °C. 



Serologically homogeneous when first 

 isolated (Phase I of Leslie and Gardner). 

 Dissociative changes, recognizable mor- 

 phologically, culturally, antigenically, 

 and by animal tests, take place when 

 maintained on unfavorable media. 



Source : From respiratory tract in cases 

 of whooping cough, especially bj- the 

 cough plate method. 



Habitat : Etiologically associated with 

 whooping cough. 



Note: Bacillus para-pertussis Elder- 

 ing and Kendrick. (Jour. Bact., 35, 

 1938, 561.) From cases of whooping- 

 cough. Closely related antigenically to 

 Hemophilus pertussis and Brucella bron- 

 chiseptica, but distinct from either. 



6. Hemophilus ducreyi (Neveu- 

 Lemaire) Bergey et al. (Ducrey, Cong, 

 internat. de dermatol. et syph., Compt. 

 rend., Paris, 1890, 229; Monatshft. f. 



prakt. Dermatol., 9, 1889, 387; Riforma 

 med., 5, 1889, 98; Monatshft. f. prakt. 

 Dermatol., 21, No. 2; Streptobacillus of 

 soft chancre, Ducrey, Abstract in Cent. 

 f. Bakt., I Abt., 18, 1895, 290; Bacillus 

 idceris cancrosi Kruse, in Fliigge, Die 

 Mikroorganismen, 3 Aufl., 2, 1896, 456; 

 Bacterium ulceris cancrosi Chester, Ann. 

 Kept. Del. Col. Agr. Exp. Sta., 9, 1897, 

 67; Bacterium cancrosi Chester, Manual 

 Determ. Bact., 1901, 120; Coccobacillus 

 ducreyi Neveu-Lemaire, Precis Parasitol. 

 Hum., 5th ed., 1921, 20; Bergey et al., 

 Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 271.) Named for 

 Ducre}^ who first isolated the organism. 



Small rods: 0.5 by 1.5 to 2.0 microns, 

 with rounded ends, occurring singly and 

 in short chains. Non-motile. Gram- 

 negative. 



Requires the X factor for its growth. 



Gelatin colonies: No growth. 



Gelatin stab: No growth. 



Blood agar colonies: Small, grayish, 

 glistening, showing a slight zone of hemol- 

 ysis around the colony in three or four 

 days. 



Best growth is obtained on clotted rab- 

 bit, sheep, or human blood heated to 

 55°C for 15 minutes, and in casein digest 

 agar containing blood. Moisture is im- 

 portant for growth. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature 37°C. 



Habitat : The cause of soft chancre 

 (chancroid). 



7. Hemophilus haemoglobinophilus 

 (Lehmann and Neumann) Murray. 

 {Bacillus haemuglobinophilus canis 

 Friedberger, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 

 Orig., 33, 1903, 401; Bacterium haemoglo- 

 binophilus Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. 

 Diag., 4 Aufl., 2, 1907, 270; Hemophilus 

 canis Rivers, Johns Hopkins Bull., 33, 

 1922, 149; Jour. Bact., 7, 1922, 579; Mur- 

 ray, in Manual, 6th ed., 1939, 309.) 

 From Greek, hemoglobin-loving. 



Small rods: 0.2 to 0.3 by 0.5 to 2.0 

 microns, occurring singly, in pairs and 



