FAMILY BACTERIACEAE 



633 



did not name 31 cultures of chitinoclastic 

 bacteria from marine sources. Out of 

 16 cultures studied intensively, all were 

 Gram-negative. All but 4 of the 31 

 cultures were motile. One culture was 

 a coccus and two sjjecies were vibrios. 

 None digested cellulose. 



*39. Bacterium phosphoreum (Cohn) 

 Molisch. (Micrococcus phosphoreus 

 Cohn, see letter addressed to J. Penn, 

 Verzameling van stukken betreffende het 

 geneeskundig staatstoezicht in Neder- 

 land, 1878, 126; Bacterium phosphores- 

 cens Fischer, Cent. f. Bakt., 3, 1888, 107; 

 Photobacterium phosphorescens Beijer- 

 inck, Arch. N^erl. d. Sci. Exactes, 23, 

 1889, 401; Streptococcus pJwsphoreus 

 Trevisan, I generi e le specie delle 

 Batteriacee, 1889, 31; Bacillus phos- 

 phoreus Mace, Traits de Bact., Paris, 

 4th ed., 1901, 995; Micrococcus phos- 

 phorescens Chester, Man. Determ. Bact., 

 1901, 181; Molisch, Die Leuchtende 

 Pflanzen, 1912, 66; Photobacier phos- 

 phoreum Beijerinck, Folia Microbio- 

 logica. Delft, 4, 1916, 15; Photobacterium 

 phosphoreum Ford, Textb. of Bact., 

 1927, 615.) 



Description from Fischer iloc. cit.). 



Coccobacilli : Occur frequently as 

 zooglea. Xon -motile. Stain lightly 

 with aniline dyes. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Gelatin streak: Gray-white growth. 



Broth: No growth. 



Milk: No growth. 



Potato: No growth. 



Ferments carbohydrates. 



Blue-green phosphorescence. 



Minimum temperature 5°C. Maxi- 

 mum 25°. Optimum for luminescence 

 10°C. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Source: Isolated from luminous fish. 



Habitat: Found commonly on dead 

 fish, meat, etc. 



40. Bacterium phosphorescens indige- 



nus (Eisenberg) Chester. (Einheim- 

 ischer Leuchtbaoillus, Fischer, Cent. f. 

 Bakt.; 3, 1888, 107; Photobacterium 

 fischeri Beijerinck, Arch. N6erl. d. Sci. 

 Exactes, 23, 1889, 401; Bacillus fischeri 

 Trevisan, I generi e le specie delle 

 Batteriacee, 1889, 18; Bacillus phos- 

 phorescens indigeniis Eisenberg, Bakt. 

 Diag., 3 Aufl., 1891, 124; Vibrio fischeri 

 Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 

 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 342; Chester, Ann. Rept. 

 Del. Col. Agr. Exp. Sta., 9, 1897, 121; 

 Microspira fischeri Chester, Man. De- 

 term. Bact., 1901, 333; Spirillum phos- 

 phorescens Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 

 225; Vibrio phosphorescens Holland, 

 ibid., 226; Achromobacter fischeri Bergey 

 et al.. Manual, 3rd ed., 1930, 220.) 



Description from Fischer {loc. cit.). 



Short thick rods: 0.4 to 0.7 by 1.3 to 

 2.1 microns, with rounded ends, occur- 

 ring singly and in pairs. Motile. Stain 

 with the usual aniline dyes. 



Johnson, Zworykin and Warren (Jour. 

 Bact., 46, 1943, 167) made pictures with 

 the electron microscope of a culture 

 which they identify with this species. 

 The organisms have a tuft of polar fla- 

 gella, indicating that this species belongs 

 in the genus Pseudomonas. 



Gelatin stab: Liquefaction. 



Gelatin colonies: Liquefaction. After 

 one week, circular, 1 mm in diameter, 

 entire. 



Broth: No growth. 



^Nlilk: No growth. 



Blood serum: No growth. 



Potato: No growth. 



Cooked fish: Abundant growth. En- 

 tire surface covered with a gray-white, 

 slimy, phosphorescent mass. 



Temperature relations: Minimum 5° 

 to 10°C. Optimum 22°C. 



Aerobic. 



Source: From sea water at Kiel and 

 from herring. 



* Dr. Frank H. Johnson, Dept. Bacteriology, Princeton Univ., Princeton, New 

 Jersey, assisted in preparing the section on phosphorescent bacteria, May, 1946 



