FAMILY BACILLACEAE 705 



species pattern. This has reduced the number of species of the mesophilic members 

 of the genus from many poorly defined organisms to a few well characterized and 

 delimited species. Intermediates occur between related species and have been 

 treated as such. The report on which this arrangement is based has recently been 

 published by Smith, Gordon and Clark (U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. Xo. 559, 1946, 

 112 pp.). 



Some workers maj' think that the cut in the number of species has been too drastic 

 and that certain organisms listed as varieties, morphotypes, or biotypes should be 

 retained as species. This would not be consistent with the newer knowledge of 

 bacteriology that has been developed during the past two decades. No doubt other 

 species occur in nature that are not included herein. But before jumping to the 

 conclusion that a culture is a new species, closely related organisms as well as the 

 isolate should be studied along the lines given by Chester in the fifth edition of the 

 Manual. 



The production of indole and the formation of H2S have been omitted from the 

 descriptions because these characters have no taxonomic value. Certain other prop- 

 erties, such as colony form, character of the growth on slants, in litmus milk, etc., 

 have a verj' limited value. They are included for the sake of completeness. 



Genus I. Bacillus Cohn.* 



(Beitrage z. Biol. d. Pflanzen, 1, Heft 2, 1872, 146 and 175.) From Latin bac- 

 ilhim, a small stick. 



Synonyms: ? Bacirella Morren, Bull. d. Sci. natur et de Geol., No. 27, 1830, 203; 

 ? Metallacter Perty, Zur Kenntniss kleinster Lebensformen, 1852, 180; ? Bacteridium 

 Davaine, Diet. Encyclop. d. Sci. Med., Ser. I, 8, 1868, 21; Pollendera Trevisan, 1884 

 (see DeToni and Trevisan, in Saccardo, Sylloge Fungorum, 8, 1889, 943); Zopfiella 

 Trevisan, Atti della Accademia Fisio-Medico-Statistica in Milano, Ser. 4, 3, 1885, 93; 

 Cornilia Trevisan, I generi e le specie delle Batteriacee, 1889, 21 ; Urobacillus Miquel, 

 Ann Microg., 1, 1889, 517; Bacterium Migula, Arb. bakt. Inst. Karlsruhe, 1, 1894, 

 237 (not Bacterium Ehrenberg, Symbolae Physicae seu Icones et Descriptiones Ani- 

 malium, etc., Berlin, 1828, 8); Bactrinum, Bactridium, Bactrillum, Clostrillium, 

 Clostrinium and Paracloster Fischer, Jahresb. f. wissenseh. Bot., 27, 1895, 139; Endo- 

 hacteriuvi Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 103; Astasia Meyer, 

 Flora, S4, 1897, 185; Saccharobacter Beijerinck, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 6, 1900, 200; 

 Fenobacter Beijerinck, ibid.; Aplanobacter E. F. Smith, Bact. in Relation to Plant 

 Dis., 1, 1905, 171; Semiclostridium Maassen, Arb. a. d. k. Gesundheitsamte, Biol. 

 Abt., 5, 1905, 5; Myxobacillus Gonnermann, Ztschr. f. Zuckerind. u. Landwirtsch., 36, 

 1907, 877; Plennobacterium Gonnermann, ibid.; Serratia Vuillemin, Ann. Mycolog., 

 11, 1913, 521 (not Serratia Bizio, Polenta porporina, Biblio. Ital., 30, 1823, 288); 

 Schaudinnum, Theciobactrum, Zygostasis, Eisenbergia, Migulanum and Rhagadascia 

 Enderlein, Sitzber. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 1917,309; C ellulobacillus Simola, 

 Ann. Ac. Sc. Fenn., Ser. A, 3^, No. 1 and 6, 1931 (abst. in Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 86, 

 1932, 89); not C ellulobacillus Orla-Jensen, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 22, 1909, 343; 

 Z yvwbacillus Kluyver and Van Niel, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 9Jf, 1936, 369. 



Rod-shaped bacteria, sometimes in chains. Sporangia usually not different from the 

 vegetative cells. Catalase present. Aerobic, sometimes showing rough colonies and 



* Revised by Mr. Nathan R. Smith, U. S. Bur. Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, 

 Maryland, \ugust, 1943. 



