FAMILY BACILLACEAE 



721 



occurring singly or in short chains. Cells 

 contain small fat globules when grown on 

 glucose nutrient agar. Motile with peri- 

 trichous flagella. Gram-variable. 



Gelatin stab: Slow liquefaction. Hj-- 

 drolysis of gelatin always positive bj- 

 Frazier technic. 



Agar colonies: Thin, inconspicuous, 

 lobed, spreading over entire plate. 

 Rough forms are round, whitish, and 

 sometimes tough. 



Agar slant : Growth scant to moderate, 

 indistinct to whitish. On glucose agar, 

 the growth is much heavier, raised, 

 gummy, glistening; gas is formed. 



Broth: Uniform to granular turbidity, 

 flocculent to slimy sediment. Rough 

 stage forms pellicle. Final pH of glucose 

 broth cultures 5.2 to 6.8. 



Milk: Not coagulated, gas usually 

 formed . 



Milk agar plate: Casein hydrolyzed. 



Potato : Growth moderate to abundant, 

 whitish to light tan, potato decomposed 

 with formation of gas. Growth of rough 

 stains is denser and heaped up. 



Nitrites are produced from nitrates. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. Crystalline de.\- 

 trins are not produced. 



Acid and gas (with ammoniacal nitro- 

 gen) from arabinose, xylose, glucose, 

 fructose, galactose, mannose,' maltose, 

 sucrose, lactose, trehalose, cellobiose, 

 raffinose, melezitose, de.xtrin, inulin, 

 salicin, glycerol, and mannitol. Gum is 

 also usually formed. Erythritol, adoni- 

 tol, dulcitol and inositol not fermented. 

 With organic nitrogen no acid or gas from 

 rhamnose or sorbitol (Porter, IMcCleskey, 

 and Levine, loc. cit., also Tilden and 

 Hudson, Jour. Bact., J^, 1942, 530). 

 This, however, could not be confirmed by 

 Smith, Gordon, and Clark {loc. cit.) who 

 found that acid and gas were produced 

 from both carbohydrates. 



Hemicellulose and pectin are attacked 

 (Ankersmit, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 

 Orig., JtO, 1905, 100). In glucose broth, 

 ethyl alcohol and butylene-glycol are 



produced also small amounts of acetone 

 and butyl alcohol. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol is produced. 



Citrates usualh' not utilized as sole 

 source of carbon. 



Optimum temperature about 30°C. 

 No growth at 42°C to 45°C; good growth 

 at 20°C, slow at 13°C. 



Not agglutinated by Bacillus inacerans 

 sera, results with homologous sera irregu- 

 lar (Porter, McCIeskej^ and Levine, loc. 

 cit.). 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Source : First isolations were from 

 grain, soil, and pasteurized milk. 



Habitat : Widely distributed in water, 

 soil, milk, feces, decaying vegetables, etc. 



In addition see: Chester, Del. Agr. 

 Exp. Station, 15th Ann. Report, 1903, 65; 

 Wund, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 4-2, 

 1906, 193, 289, 385; Wahl, Cent. f. Bakt., 

 II Abt., 16, 1906, 489; Ritter, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 20, 1908, 21 ; Meyer, Cent, 

 f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., Jf9, 1909, 305; 

 Bredemann, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 23, 

 1909, 41 ; Virtanen and Kurstom, Bio- 

 chem. Ztschr., 161, 1925, 9; Stapp and 

 Zycha, Arch. f. Mikrobiol., 2, 1931, 493; 

 Zycha, Arch. f. Mikrobiol., 3, 1932, 194; 

 Patrick, Iowa State Coll. Jour. Sci., 7, 

 1933, 407. 



10. Bacillus macerans Schardinger. 

 (Rt)ttebazillus 1, Schardinger, Wiener 

 klin. Wochenschr., 17, 1904, 207; Schard- 

 inger, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., H, 

 1905, 772; Aerobacillus macerans Don- 

 ker, Inaug. Diss., Delft, 1926, 139; Zymo- 

 bacillus macerans Kluyver and Van Niel, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 94, 1936, 402.) 

 From Latin macerans, softening, macer- 

 ating or retting. 



Porter, McCleskey, and Levine, Jour. 

 Bact., 33, 1937, 163, regard the following 

 as a synonym of Bacillus macerans: 

 Bacillus acetoethylicum Northrup, Ashe, 

 and Senior, Jour. Biol. Chem., 39, 1919, 

 1 {Aerobacillus acetoethylicus Donker, 

 loc. cit.). 



The following is probably a variant of 



