726 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Broth: Usually heavy uniform tur- 

 bidity, sometimes with a fragile pellicle. 

 Glucose broth cultures have a pH of 8.0 

 to 8.6 after 7 days. 



Milk: Peptonized. 



Milk agar plate: Casein hydrolyzed. 



Potato : Growth scant to moderate, 

 flat, spreading, soft, creamy-yellow to 

 pink to brownish. 



Nitrites usually formed from nitrates. 



Starch is not hydrolyzed. 



Acid (with ammoniacal nitrogen) from 

 glucose, fructose, maltose, and sucrose. 

 Usually acid from galactose and glycerol. 

 Reaction is variable on rhamnose and 

 mannitol. No acid from arabinose, 

 xylose, mannose, lactose, raffinose, inulin, 

 dextrin and salicin. 



With organic nitrogen, the acid formed 

 from carbohydrates is masked bj^ the 

 alkalinity due to proteolysis. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol is not produced. 



Citrates usually utilized as a sole source 

 of carbon. 



Optimum temperature about 30°C. 

 Maximum temperature allowing growth 

 varies from 43°C to 54°C. 



Produces antibiotic substances (tyro- 

 thricin, gramicidin ; see Dubos and 

 Hotchkiss, Jour. Exp. Med., 73, 1941, 

 629). 



Aerobic. 



Source: From milk (Fliigge); from 

 milk, soil and dust (Ford). 



Habitat: Widelj^ distributed in .soil, 

 water, dust, milk, etc. 



15. Bacillus larvae White. (Bac- 

 terium X, Moore and White, New York 

 State Dept. Agr., 11th Ann. Rept. Com. 

 Agr. for 1903, 1904, 111; Bacillus X, 

 Moore and White, ibid., Rept. for 1904, 



1905, 106; White, Thesis, Cornell Univ., 

 Ithaca, N. Y., 1905; White, U. S. Dept. 

 Agr. Bur. Entomol., Tech. Ser. Bui. 14, 



1906, 32; White, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 

 809, 1920, 13.) From Latin larva, a 

 ghost; M. L., of a larva. 



Synonyms : Bacillus hrandenhurgiensis 

 Maassen,Mittl.a. d. kaiserl. biol. Anstalt 

 f. Land- u. Forstw. in Dahlem, Heft 2, 



1906, 28; ibid., Heft 7, 1908, 24 pp.; Arb, 

 a. d. Anstalt f. Land- u. Forstw., 6, 1908. 

 61; Bacillus burri Cowan, British Bee- 

 keeper's Guide Book. 20th ed., London, 

 1911, 171. 



Description from Lochhead, Sci. Agr., 

 .9, 1928, 84. 



Spores: Ellipsoidal, central to sub- 

 terminal. 



Sporangia: Swollen, spindle form. 



Rods : 0.5 to 0.8 by 2.5 to 5.0 microns, 

 occurring singly and in chains. Motile. 

 Gram-variable. 



Gelatin stab : No growth. In carrot- 

 gelatin, slow liquefaction. 



Yeast-carrot agar colonies : Small , whit- 

 ish, somewhat transparent, smooth, 

 slightly glistening. 



Agar slant : No growth. With addition 

 of carrot extract, noticeable growth along 

 line of inoculation. More abundant 

 growth if yeast extract is also added. 



Yeast-carrot broth : Fungoid in appear- 

 ance, floating masses which may be 

 broken up by shaking to produce a uni- 

 form clouding. 



Carrot-milk: Acid with curdling. No 

 peptonization . 



Potato : No growth. 



Nitrites formed from nitrates (see 

 Lochhead, Can. Jour. Res., C, 15, 1937, 

 79). 



Starch not hj^drolyzed (carrot-starch 

 agar). 



Acid (in yeast extract-peptone broth) 

 from xylose, glucose, fructose, galactose, 

 salicin. Slight acidity by some strains 

 from lactose and sucrose. No acid from 

 mannitol or dulcitol. 



Thiamin replaces the growth factor in 

 vegetable or yeast extracts, etc. (Loch- 

 head, Jour. Bact., U, 1942, 185). 



Optimum temperature about 37°C. 

 Maximum temperature about 45°C. 



Source : From diseased brood. 



Habitat : Causal organism of American 

 foulbrood of honey bees. 



See in addition : White, Science, 4^' 

 1919, 362; Sturtevant, Jour. Agr. Res.,.?S, 

 1924, 129; Borchert, Die seuchenhaften 

 Krankheiten der Honigbiene. Berlin, 



