FAMILY BACILLACEAE 



775 



Sternberg, Man. Bact., 1893, 472); not 

 Bacillus septicus Klein, Micro-organisms 

 and Disease, 1884, 78; Cornilia pasteuri 

 Trevisan, I generi e le specie delle Bat- 

 teriacee, 1889, 22; Bacillus septicus gan- 

 grenae Arloing, Legons sur la tuberculose 

 et certaines septicemics, Paris, 1892, 451 ; 

 Vibriogene septique, Rosenthal, Compt. 

 rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, 64, 1908, 398; 

 Vibrio septique LeBlaye and Guggenheim, 

 Man. Prat. d. Diag. Bact., 1914, 438; 

 Rivoltillus vibrion Heller, Jour. Bact., 7, 

 1922, 6; Bacillus parasarkophysematos 

 Miessner, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 89 

 (Bhft.), 1922, 126, and Deuts. Tierarztl. 

 Wchnschr., 30, 1922, 416 (Bacillus para- 

 sarcophysematos Zeissler, Cent. f. Bakt., 



1 Abt., Orig., 89 (Bhft.), 1922, 119); 

 Vibrio septicus Rottgardt, Deuts. Tier- 

 arztl. Wchnschr., 34, 1926, 553; Ford, 

 Textbook of Bact., 1927, 726; Clostridium 

 septicus Scott, Cornell Vet., 18, 1928, 259; 

 Clostridium septique Topley and Wilson, 

 Princ. of Bact. and Immunol., 1st ed., 2, 

 1929, 1161.) From Greek, septicus, pu- 

 trefactive, septic. 



Probable s3'nonym : Bacillus of Ghon 

 and Sachs, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 

 34, 1903, 289. 



Identical or closely related species : 

 Clostridium balaenae Prevot, Ann. Inst. 

 Past., 61, 1938, 81 (Walfischseptikamie 

 Bacillus, Nielsen, Cent. f. Bakt., 7, 1890, 

 269; Bacille de lasepticemie de la baleinc, 

 Christiansen, Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., 

 Paris, 83, 1920, 324; Walfischbazillus, 

 Christiansen, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 

 Orig., 84, 1920, 127); Bacillus gastromy- 

 cosis ovis Kitt, Bakt. u. Path. Mikros., 



2 Aufl., 1893, 239 (Bradsotbacillus, Niel- 

 sen, Monats. Prakt. Tierhlk., 8, 1897, 59) ; 

 Bacillus tumefaciens Wilson, Lancet, 

 196, 1919, 657 (Clostridium tumefaciens 

 Prevot, Ann. Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 81); 

 not Bacillus tumefaciens Israilsky, Cent, 

 f. Bakt., II Abt., 67, 1926, 236; Bacillus 

 sen Clostridium sarcophysematos bovis 

 Kitt, Bakterienkunde u. Path. Mikros., 2 

 Aufl., 1893, 232 (Bacillus sarcophysematos 

 Kitt, ibid.. Index, X; not Bacillus sar- 

 cophysematos Zeissler, Cent. f. Bakt., I 



.\bt., Orig., 89 (Bhft.), 1922, 119.) (See 

 Clostridium feseri.) 



Confused in the older literature with 

 Koch's bacillus of malignant edema, Mitt, 

 a. d. kais. Gesundhts., 1, 1881, 54 (Ba- 

 cillus oedematis maligni Zopf, Die Spalt- 

 pilze, 3 Aufl., 1885, 88; Clostridium oede- 

 matis malignis Fischer, Jahrb. f . Wissen. 

 Bot., 27, 1895, (146?); Bacillus oedematis 

 Schroeter, in Cohn's Kryptogamen-Flora 

 V. Schlesien, 3, 1, 1886, 163; Clostridium 

 edematis Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 

 218; Clostridium oedematis-maligni Ber- 

 gey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 325). 



It is commonly believed at present that 

 Koch's bacillus of malignant edema was a 

 culture of Clostridium septicum contami- 

 nated with Clostridium sporogenes or 

 some closely related organism. 



Described from Weinberg and Seguin, 

 La Gang. Gaz., Paris, 1918, 79, and from 

 Hall, Jour. Inf. Dis., 30, 1922, 486. 



Rods : 0.6 to 0.8 by 3.0 to 8.0 microns, 

 rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs 

 and in short chains in cultures; long 

 chains and filaments commonly predomi- 

 nate in body exudates. Motile, with 

 peritrichous flagella. Spores oval, ex- 

 centric to subterminal, swelling rods. 

 Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Liquefied, with gas bubbles. 



Agar surface colonies (anaerobic): 

 Small, transparent, of variable shape. 



Blood agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : 

 Delicate, fiat, leaf-like, irregular. He- 

 molytic. 



Deep agar colonies: Variable; usually 

 finely filamentous, cottony, spherical. 



Broth: Slight, diffuse turbidity, with 

 clearing. 



Litmus milk: Litmus reduced; slow 

 coagulation and moderate gas. Clot not 

 digested. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, 

 galactose, maltose, lactose and salicin. 

 Sucrose, inulin, mannitol and glycsrol 

 not fermented (Hall, loc. cit., 489). 



Coagulated albumin not liquefied. 



Blood serum not liquefied. 



