FAMILY BACILLACEAE 



779 



Broth: Scant or no growth. 



Liver broth : Luxuriant turbidity, with 

 considerable gas. 



Milk: Slowly increasing acidity. No 

 coagulation. No gas. 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, 

 maltose, dextrin, glycerol, adonitol and 

 inositol. Galactose, sucrose, lactose, 

 raffinose, inulin, dulcitol, mannitol, 

 xylose, arabinose, rhamnose and salicin 

 not fermented (Bengtson, loc. cit., 22-25). 



Coagulated albumin not liquefied. 



Blood serum not liquefied. 



Brain medium not blackened or 

 digested. 



Meat medium not blackened or 

 digested. 



Pathogenic for animals. Forms a 

 powerful exotoxin which is neurotoxic 

 both on injection and feeding. Toxin is 

 neutralized by Clostridiuvi parabotu- 

 linum Type B antitoxin. 



Optimum temperature 20° to 30°C 

 (Van Ermengem, Ztschr. f. Hyg., 26, 

 1897, 42) ; 30°C (Van Ermengem, Arch. d. 

 Pharmacodyn., 3, 1897, 213 and 499; 

 see Williams and Reed, Jour. Inf. Dis., 

 71, 1942, 227). Starin (Jour. Inf. Dis., 

 38, 1926, 103), growth usually earlier at 

 37°C. Toxin production probably best 

 around 28°C. 



Anaerobic . 



Source: Unknown. Culture received 

 through Reddish from Robertson as 

 Bacillus bohilimis No. 94, Strain A, 

 Institute of Infectious Diseases at Berlin. 

 Similar strains have been isolated from 

 canned foods. 



Habitat : Probably occurs in soil . 



10a. Clostridium hotulinum Type C. 

 (Toxin producing anaerobe, Bengtson, U. 

 S. Pub. Health Repts., 37, 1922, 164 and 

 2252; Bacillus botulinus Type C, Bengt- 

 son, ibid., 38, and U. S. Pub. Health 

 Serv., Hyg. Lab. Bull. 136, 1924, 7; 

 Clostridium luciliae Bergey et al., Man- 

 ual, 1st ed., 1923, 336.) From Latin, 

 botulus, sausage. 



Probably identical variety : Clostridium 

 parabotidinum equi Theiler and Robin- 



son, Rev. Gen. de Med. Vet., 36, 1927, 199 

 {Clostridium boiulinum. Type E, Topley 

 and Wilson, Principles of Bact. and Im- 

 munol., 2nd ed., 1936, 688; Bacillus 

 (Clostridium) botulinum D, Weinberg and 

 Ginsbourg, Donnees Recentes sur les 

 Microbes Anaer., Paris, 1927, 107, but 

 shown to be a Type C by Robinson, Union 

 S. Africa, 16th Ann. Rept., Dir. Vet. 

 Serv. and Animal Indus., 1930, 126; not 

 Clostridium hotulinum Type D, Meyer 

 and Gunnison, vide infra). From a rat 

 carcass presumably responsible for botul- 

 ism in mules in South Africa. 



Related varieties : Bacillus parabotu- 

 linus Seddon, Jour. Comp. Path, and 

 Therap., 35, 1922, 155 and 275 (Clostri- 

 ditim parabotulinum Ford, Text-Book of 

 Bact., 1927, 743, although this name was 

 used earlier in the "group" sense by 

 Bengtson, U. S. Pub. Health Serv., Hyg. 

 Lab. Bull. 136, 1924, 32). First isolated 

 from bones considered the source of 

 "bulbar paralysis" of cattle in Australia. 



Clostridium parabotulinus bovis Theiler 

 et al.. Union S. Africa, Dept. Agric, 11th 

 and 12th Repts. of the Dir. Vet. Educ. 

 and Res., Part II, 1927, 1202 (Clostridium 

 botulinum Type D, Meyer and Gunnison, 

 Proc. Soc. Expt. Biol, and Med., 26, 

 1928-29, 88, also Jour. Inf. Dis., ^5, 1929, 

 106; not Clostridium botulinum Type D, 

 Weinberg and Ginsbourg, vide supra). 

 From "lamziekte" of cattle in South 

 Africa. 



Clostridium botulinum Type E, Gunni- 

 son, Cummings and Meyer, Proc. Soc. 

 Expt. Biol, and Med., 35, 1936, 278. An 

 organism received by them from the 

 Russian Ukraine; source of isolation not 

 stated. 



Clostridium botulinum Type C may be 

 regarded as a variety of Clostridiuvi 

 botulinum, as it has morphologic and 

 cultural characters very similar to those 

 of the Van Ermengem strain. Only 

 divergent or additional characters are 

 recorded here. 



Rods : 0.5 to 0.8 by 3.0 to 6.0 microns, 

 commonly slightly curved. 



Agar stab : Slight growth. No gas. 



