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MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Deep liver agar colonies : Lenticular, 

 becoming loosely fluffy. Gas is formed. 



Deep glucose agar colonies: Fluffy, 

 without central nucleus. Gas is not 

 formed. 



Agar surface growth (anaerobic ) : Very 

 scant, thin. 



Broth: Scant growth. 



Milk: Slowly increasing acidity. No 

 coagulation. No digestion. 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, 

 galactose, maltose, glycerol and inositol. 

 Dextrin is weakly fermented. Sucrose, 

 lactose, raffinose, inulin, adonitol, dulci- 

 tol.mannitol, xylose, arabinose, rhamnose 

 andsalicin not fermented. 



Pathogenic for animals. Forms a 

 powerful exotoxin which is neurotoxic 

 both on injection and feeding. Toxin is 

 neutralized by homologous (Type Ca) 

 antitoxin, but not by Bacillus parabotu- 

 linus Seddon (Type C/3) antitoxin, al- 

 though Seddon-toxin is neutralized by 

 Type Ca antitoxin (Pfenninger, Jour. Inf. 

 Dis.,35, 1924, 347). 



Grows well at 37°C. 



Anaerobic. 



Source: Larvae of blue-bottle fly 

 {Lucilia caesnr). Produces limberneck 

 in chickens. 



Habitat: Not determined, other than 

 this source. 



11. Clostriditun acetobutylicum Mc- 

 Coy, Fred, Peterson and Hastings. 

 (McCoy et al., Jour. Inf. Dis., 39, 1926, 

 483; ibid., 46, 1930, 118; Clostridium 

 aceto-butylicuvi Legg, U. S. Pat., 

 1,668,814, 1928; Clostridium acetono- 

 butylicum Pr^vot, Ann. Inst. Past., 61, 

 1938, 80; Clostridium acetobutyricum 

 Pr^vot, Man. d. Class., etc., 1940, 110.) 

 From Latin, acetum, vinegar and buiyli- 

 cus, butylic, relating to butyl alcohol. 



Synonyms : Bacillus qranulobacter 

 pectinovoruin Speakman, Jour. Biol. 

 Chem., 41, 1920, 319; Clostridium acetoni- 

 ^enuTODonkcr, Inaug. Diss., Delft., 1926, 

 144. 



Rods : Vegetative cells 0.6 to 0.72 by 2.6 

 to 4.7 microns; Clostridia 1.3 to 1.6 by 4.7 



to 5.5 microns. Straight, with rounded 

 ends, occurring singly and in pairs, not 

 in chains. No capsules. Motile with 

 peritrichous flagella. Spores oval , excen- 

 tric to subterminal, swelling rods to 

 Clostridia. Gram-positive, becoming 

 Gram -negative. 



Granulose reaction positive in clos- 

 tridial stage. 



Glucose gelatin : Liquefied. 

 Glucose agar surface colonies (anae- 

 robic): Compact, raised, fairly regular. 

 Deep glucose agar colonies : Compact, 

 typically lenticular and smooth. Agar 

 fragmented early by abundant gas. 

 Blood agar not hemolyzed. 

 Pigmentation: None; colonies creamy- 

 white, opaque. 



Plain broth: No growth. 

 Glucose broth: Abundant, uniform 

 turbidity, with much gas. 



Litmus milk: Acid and active, often 

 stormy, coagulation. Litmus reduced. 

 Clot fragmented by gas, but not visibly 

 digested. Proteolysis demonstrable, 

 however, on milk agar. 



Potato : Growth creamy-yellow. Po- 

 tato digested to a yellow slime. 



Corn mash : Much gas with butylic 

 odor. 



Indole not formed. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol formed from 

 many carbohydrates. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 

 Nitrites reduced to ammonia. 

 Acid and gas from arabinose, xylose, 

 rhamnose, glucose, galactose, mannose, 

 fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, raffi- 

 nose, melezitose, starch, dextrin, inulin, 

 glycogen, d-mannitol, a-methyl glucoside 

 and salicin. Esculin, amygdalin and tre- 

 halose are weakly fermented. Melobiose, 

 dulcitol, d-arabitol, perseitol, lactositol, 

 sorbitol, erythritol, adonitol, inositol, 

 quercitol, glycerol, pectin and cellulose 

 are not fermented. 



Fermentation products include ace- 

 tone, butyl and ethyl alcohols, butyric 

 and acetic acids, H2 and COj. 



Coagulated albumin cubes : Softened 

 and browned by slow digestion. 



