782 



MAJSrUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Brain medium blackened and digested. 



Meat medium reddened, then black- 

 ened and slowly digested. 



Slightly pathogenic for guinea pig. 



Optimum temperature 30°C to 35°C. 



Anaerobic . 



Source: From gaseous gangrene and 

 from feces . 



Habitat : Not determined other than 

 these sources. Probably occurs in soil. 



13. Clostridium sporogenes (Metchni- 

 koff) Bergeyetal. {Bacillus sporogenes 

 var. A, Metchnikoff, Ann. Inst. Past., 22, 

 1908, 944; Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 

 1923, 329; not Clostridium sporogenes 

 Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 220 (Bacil- 

 lus enteritidis sporogenes Klein, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., I Abt., 18, 1895, 737; Bacillus 

 sporogenes Migula, Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 

 1900, 560; Bacillus {enteritidis) sporo- 

 genes and Bacillus enteritidis Klein, 

 Local Govt. Bd., Ann. Rept. Med. Off., 

 London, 33, 1903-04, 442 and 443.) From 

 Greek, sporus, seed; M.L., spore; genes, 

 producing. 



Two varieties, A and B, were de- 

 scribed. Bacillus sporogenes var. A, 

 Metchnikoff, loc. cit., 944 {Metchnikovil- 

 lus sporogenes Heller, Jour. Bact., 7, 

 1922, 9; Clostridium sporogenes var. A, 

 Prdvot, Ann. Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 83) is 

 regarded as the typical form and is de- 

 scribed here. Var. B, see Clostridium 

 bifernientans . 



Synonyms or probably related species : 

 Oedembacillen, Koch, Mitt. a. d. kaiserl. 

 Gesundheitsamte, 1, 1881, 54; Bacillus 

 oedematis maligni Zopf, Die Spaltpilze, 

 3 Aufi., 1885, 88 (not Bacillus oedematis 

 maligni Liborius, Ztschr. f. Hyg., 1, 1886, 

 158; Bacillus oedematis Migula, Syst. d. 

 Bakt., 2, 1900, 604); Bacillus oedematis 

 Chester, Man. Determ. Bact., 1901,292; 

 Clostridium oedematis maligni Bergey et 

 al., Manual 1st ed., 1923, 325 (see Species 

 No. 6, Clostridium septicum Ford, p. 774) : 

 Paraplectrum foetidum Weigmann, Cent, 

 f. Bakt., II Abt., 4, 1898, 827 (Bacterie /3, 

 Weigmann, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 2, 

 1896, 155; Bacillus weigmanni Chester, 



Man. Determ. Bact., 1901, 300; Plec- 

 tridium foetidum Weigmann, Mykologie 

 der Milch, Leipzig, 1911, 70; Bacillus 

 anaerobius foetidus LeBlaye and Guggen- 

 heim, Man. Prat. d. Diag. Bact., 1914, 

 329; Endosporus foetidus Prevot, Ann. 

 Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 75); Bacillus sapro- 

 genes carnis Salus, Arch. f. Hyg., 51, 

 1904, 114 {Bacillus saprogenes Salus, 

 ibid., 115; not Bacillus saprogenes I, II, 

 III, Herfeldt, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 1, 

 1895, 77; Bacillus carnis saprogenes 

 Salus, Arch. f. Hyg., 51, 1904, 124; 

 Plectridium saprogenes Pr6vot, Ann. 

 Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 87); Bacillus sporo- 

 genes coagulans Debono, Cent. f. Bakt., 

 I Abt., Orig., 62, 1912, 229 {Clostridium 

 coagulans Bergey et al., Manual, 1st 

 ed., 1923, 335); Reading Bacillus, Don- 

 aldson and Joyce, Lancet, 2, 1917, 448; 

 Bacillus putrifi-cus verrucosus Zeissler, 

 Ztschr. f. Infkrnkh. u. Hyg. Haust., 21, 

 1920-21, 13 {Bacillus verrucosus Leh- 

 mann and Siissmann, in Lehmann and 

 Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 7 Aufi., 2, 1927, 

 662). 



Rods: 0.6 to 0.8 by 3.0 to 7.0 microns, 

 with rounded ends, occurring singly, in 

 pairs, or less frequently in short to long 

 chains and filaments. Motile with peri- 

 trichous fiagella. Spores oval, exccntric 

 to subterminal, swelling rods. Gram- 

 positive. 



Gelatin: Liquefied and blackened. 



Agar surface colonies (anaerobic): 

 Small, irregular, transparent, becoming 

 opaque, yellowish-white, fimbriate. 



Deep agar colonies : Woolly balls with 

 dense, nodular center. 



Agar slant (anaerobic): Grayish, 

 opaque, spreading. 



Blood agar is hemolyzed. 



Broth : Turbid. Gas is formed. Putrid 

 odor. 



Litmus milk: Softly coagulated. Lit- 

 mus reduced. Slow peptonization, leav- 

 ing a dark, amber-colored liquid. 



Indole formed (trace). Not formed 

 (Hall, Jour. Inf. Dis., 30, 1922, 482). 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, 



