FAMILY BACILLACEAE 



783 



galactose and maltose. Lactose, sucrose, 

 salicin, glycerol, mannitol and inulin not 

 fermented. (Records vary on many 

 sugars.) 



Coagulated albumin liquefied. 



Blood serum liquefied to a dark, putrid 

 liquid. 



Brain medium blackened and digested. 

 Foul odor. 



Meat medium reddened, then black- 

 ened and digested with foul odor. Gas is 

 produced. Tyrosin crystals not obvious. 



Non-pathogenic to guinea pig and rab- 

 bit, other than a slight, temporary local 

 tumefaction. Filtrate non-toxic on in- 

 jection and feeding. 



Optimum temperature 37°C. Can 

 grow at 50°C. 



Anaerobic. 



Source: From intestinal contents, 

 gaseous gangrene, and from soil. 



Habitat: Common in soil, especially 

 where heavily manured. 



The following species are commonly 

 regarded as variants of the tj'pical 

 Clostridium sporogenes . 



13a. Clostridium sporogenes var. A. P. 

 Marie Pr^vot, Ann. Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 

 83 (Bacille anaerobie, Marie, Compt. 

 rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, 93, 1925, 21). 



Resembles the typical Clostridium 

 sporogenes except in the sharp but not 

 putrid odor of its cultures. 



Pathogenicity : Large abscesses are in- 

 duced on subcutaneous injection into 

 guinea pigs. 



From spontaneous putrefaction of 

 macerated pork. 



13b. Clostridium sporogenes var. equine 

 Pr^vot, Ann. Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 83 

 (Unnamed anaerobe No. IV, Chouke- 

 vitch, Ann. Inst. Past., 25, 1911, 259). 



Sporulation is delayed and restricted. 

 Spores are long and almost rectilinear. 



Litmus milk is coagulated, then the 

 clot is digested after 3 to 4 weeks. 



Coagulated albumin is slowly dissolved. 



Not pathogenic for guinea pig or mouse. 

 From large intestine of horse. 



13c. Clostridium tyrosinogenes (Hall) 

 Bergey et al. (Culture No. 106, Hall and 

 Finnerud, Proc. Soc. Expt. Biol, and 

 Med., 19, 1921-22, 48; Bacillus tyrosino- 

 genes Hall, Abst. Bact., 6, 1922, 7; not 

 Bacillus tyrosinogenes Rusconi, as cited 

 by Carbone, Ramazotti, Mazzucchi and 

 Monti, Boll. 1st. Sieroter., Milan, 2, 

 1921, (29?), see Clark and Smith, Jour. 

 Bact., 37, 1939, 278; Bergey et al.. 

 Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 329; Clostridium 

 sporogenes var. tyrosinogenes Pr6vot, 

 Ann. Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 83.) From 

 Greek, tyrus, cheese; M. L., tyrosinum, 

 tyrosine; genes, producing. 



Ferments monosaccharides but not 

 higher carbohydrates (Hall, Jour. Inf. 

 Dis.,30, 1922,482). 



Traces of gas, but no acid, from 

 glycerol, sorbitol, mannose, xylose, lac- 

 tose, sucrose, arabinose, galactose, salicin, 

 inulin, dextrin and starch (F. E. Clark, 

 personal communication). 



Distinctive character : Forms large 

 amounts of tyrosin which precipitate in 

 cultures in protein media. 



Source : Originally isolated from a cul- 

 ture erroneously labeled Bacillus tetani. 

 Later isolated from an amputated arm. 



Habitat : Not determined. Only two 

 isolations on record. 



13d. Clostridium flabelliferum Sturges 

 and Reddish. (Fish-tailed putrefactive 

 anaerobe. Reddish and Sturges, Abst. 

 Bact., 8, 1924, 5; Sturges and Reddish, 

 Jour. Bact., 11, 1926, 37; Clostridium 

 sporogenes var. caudapiscis Prevot, Ann. 

 Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 83.) From Latin, 

 flabellum, a little fan;/er, bearing. 



Glucose agar surface colonies (anae- 

 robic): Coarse, raised, with long pe- 

 ripheral intertwining outgrowths. 



Deep plain agar colonies : Irregular, 

 becoming woolly. 



Sucrose is fermented (in contrast with 

 Clostridium sporogenes) . 



Distinctive character : Spores are long 



