FAMILY BACILLACEAE 



785 



is neutralized only by the homologous 

 type antitoxin. 



Optimum temperature : Records at var- 

 iance. Grows best at 35 to37°C. Toxin 

 production best at about 28°C. 



Anaerobic . 



Distinctive character : Types are 

 identified chiefly by protection tests with 

 known-type antitoxin, and to less extent 

 by agglutination. 



Source: Chiefly from spoiled, non-acid 

 canned goods, from soil and from silage. 



Habitat : Found rather widely dis- 

 persed in soil. 



15. Clostridixun saccharolyticum Ber- 

 gey et al. {Bacillus sporogenes saccharo- 

 lyticus Distaso, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 

 Orig., 59, 1911, 100; Bergeyetal., Manual, 

 1st ed., 1923, 334.) From Greek, saccha- 

 rum, sugar; lyticus, dissolving, digesting. 



Rods: Short, rounded ends, occurring 

 singly, in pairs and in short chains. 

 Motile. Spores large, oval, excentric to 

 subterminal, swelling rods. Gram-posi- 

 tive. 



Gelatin : Liquefied. 



Deep glucose agar colonies : Gray, bi- 

 convex, lenticular, granular, entire. Gas 

 is formed. 



Broth: Turbid. 



Milk: Soft coagulation; casein precipi- 

 tated, then peptonized, leaving a clear, 

 yellow-amber supernatant fluid. 



Indole is formed. 



Acid and gas feebly formed from glu- 

 cose. Lactose and sucrose feebly, or 

 doubtfully, fermented. 



Coagulated albumin slowly liquefied. 



Grows well at 37°C. 



Anaerobic . 



Distinctive character : All cultures give 

 a mixed butyric and fecal odor. 



Source : From feces of a chimpanzee. 



Habitat : Not determined, other than 

 this source. 



16. Clostridium regulate Bergey et al. 

 {Bacillus sporogenes regularis Distaso, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 59, 1911, 100; 



Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 334.) 

 From Latin, straight. 



Long rods : With rounded ends, occur- 

 ring singly and in pairs. Motile. Spores 

 oval, small, subterminal, slightly swelling 

 rods. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Deep agar colonies: Small, opaque, 

 irregular. 



Milk: Acid; slowly coagulated, then 

 clot slowly digested. 



Indole formed in small quantity. 



Slight acidity from glucose, lactose and 

 sucrose. Gas is not formed. Odor of 

 scatol and valerianic acid. 



Coagulated albumin slowly liquefied. 



Grows at 37°C. 



Anaerobic. 



Source : From human feces. 



Habitat : Not determined, other than 

 this source. 



17. Clostridium hastiforme MacLen- 



nan. (A4, Cunningham, Cent. f. Bakt., 

 II Abt., 82, 1930-31, 487, and B4a, Cun- 

 ningham, ibid., 83, 1931, 11; MacLennan, 

 Jour. Path, and Bact., 49, 1939, 543.) 

 From Latin, resembling a spear. 



Rods : Slender, 0.3 to 0.6 by 2.0 to 6.0 

 microns, with rounded ends, occurring 

 singly, in pairs, and rarely in short chains. 

 Filaments not observed. Motile, with 

 delicate peritrichous flagella; motility 

 persists even after sporulation. Spores 

 ellipsoidal, subterminal, swelling rods. 

 Polar-cap of protoplasm remains long 

 attached to free spores. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Rapidly liquefied. Blacken- 

 ing not recorded. 



Plain agar surface colonies (anaerobic ) : 

 Minute translucent dots, becoming ir- 

 regularly round, granular, grayish-white, 

 with opaque center and delicate translu- 

 cent border. 



Blood agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : 

 As above, but larger and more opaque. 

 Old colonies show grayish pigmentation. 

 No hemolysis. 



Deep plain agar colonies : Small, irregu- 

 larly round with coarsely filamentous 



