FAMILY BACILLACEAE 



787 



subterminal, slightly swelling rods. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin : No growth. 



Deep agar colonies : Small, round, very 

 regular, almost transparent. Gas not 

 formed. 



Plain broth: Uniform turbidity, set- 

 tling after 48 hours, forming a fine, pow- 

 dery sediment. 



Indole not produced. 



jMilk : Growth with no coagulation. 



Glucose and sucrose not fermented. 



Coagulated albumin: Not attacked. 



Meat medium : Abundant growth. No 

 record of changes. Capsules are demon- 

 strable in this medium. 



Very pathogenic for guinea pigs, which 

 die of septicemia in 24 hours after intra- 

 peritoneal inoculation. Less pathogenic 

 for rabbit, which dies after one week. 



Toxin not demonstrable in cultures. 



Grows at 22°C to 37°C. 



Obligately anaerobic. 



Source : From feces of a diarrheal 

 infant. 



Habitat: Not determined, other than 

 this single isolation. 



20. Clostridium bifermentans (Wein- 

 berg and Seguin) Bergey et al. {Bacillus 

 bifermentans sporogenes Tissier and Mar- 

 telly, Ann. Inst. Past., 16, 1902, 894; 

 Bacillus hifennantans Weinberg and 

 Seguin, La Gangrene Gazeuse, Paris, 

 1918, 128; Martellillus bifermentans Hel- 

 ler, Jour. Pact., 7, 1922, 8; Bergey et al.. 

 Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 323.) From Latin, 

 bis, twice, and fermentum, a ferment. 



Closely related if not identical species : 

 Bacillus centrosporogenes Hall, Jour. Inf. 

 Dis., 30, 1922, 4&4 (Clostridium centro- 

 sporogenes Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 

 1923, 322) ; Bacillus oedematis sporogenes 

 Sordelli, Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, 

 89, 1923, 55 (Anaerobic agent de gangrene 

 gazeuse, Sordelli, ibid., 87, 1922, 838; 

 Bacillus sordelli Hall and Scott, Jour. 

 Inf. Dis., 41, 1927, 329; Bacillus sporo- 

 genes oedematis Piening, Thesis, Han- 

 over, 1931, (?), cited from McCoy and 

 McClung, The Anaer. Pact., etc., :?, 1939, 

 492; Clostridium sordelli Prevot, Ann. 



Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 83); Clostridium 

 oedematoides Meleney, Humphreys and 

 Carp, Proc. Soc. Expt. Biol, and Med., 

 24, 1926-27, 677. 



Varying degrees of virulence and 

 toxicity occur in the above group. The 

 more toxic and virulent strains are com- 

 monly referred to as Bacillus sordelli, 

 although otherwise an apparently homo- 

 geneously organized group. 



Probable synonyms : Clostridium foeti- 

 dum Liborius, Ztschr. f. Hyg., 1, 1886, 160 

 {Cornilia foetida Trevisan, I generi e le 

 specie delle Batteriacee, 1889, 22; Bacil- 

 lus foetidus Chester, Ann. Rept. Del. 

 Col.Agr. Exp. Sta., 10, 1898, 128; not 

 Bacillus foetidus Trevisan, loc. cit., 16); 

 Bacillus liquefaciens magnus Liideritz, 

 Ztschr. f. Hyg., 5, 1889, 146 {Cornilia 

 magna Trevisan, loc. cit., 22; Bacillus 

 magnus Herfeldt, Cent. f. Bakt., II 

 Abt., 1, 1895, 78; Bacillus magnus lique- 

 faciens LeBlaye and Guggenheim, Man. 

 Prat. d. Diag. Pact., Paris, 1914, 327; 

 Bacillus foetidus clostridiiformis LeBlaye 

 and Guggenheim, idem. 327) ; Clostridium 

 foetidum carnis Salus, Arch. f. Hyg., 51, 

 1904, 121 {Clostridium carnis foetidum 

 and Clostridium, foetidum Salus, ibid., 

 121 and 124; Clostridium carnofoetidus 

 McCrudden, Jour. Biol. Chem., 8, 1910- 

 11, 109; Clostridium carnofoetidum 

 Prevot, Ann. Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 84); 

 Bacillus sporogenes var. B, Metchnikoff, 

 Ann. Inst. Past., 22, 1908, 944 {Clostri- 

 dium sporogenes var. B, Prevot, Ann. 

 Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 83); Bacillus sporo- 

 genes foetidus Chouk^vitch, Ann. Inst. 

 Past., 23, 1911, 257 {Bacillus foetidus 

 Choukevitch, ibid., 258); Bacillus putri- 

 jicus tenuis Zeissler, Ztschr. f. Infkrnkh. 

 u. Hyg. Haust., 21, 1920-21, 13; Bacillus 

 nonfermentans Hall and Whitehead, 

 Jour. Inf. Dis., 41- 1027, 65. 



Rods : 0.8 to 1.0 by 5.0 to 6.0 microns, 

 occurring singly, in pairs, and in short 

 chains . Spores oval , central to excentric , 

 not distinctly swelling rods. Motile in 

 very young cultures only (less than 24 

 hours old). Gram-positive. 



Gelatin : Liquefied and blackened. 



