FAMILY BACILLACEAE 



789 



flagella. Spores central, oval, not swell- 

 ing rods. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Rapid, stratiform liquefac- 

 tion. Reddish-yellow sediment. 



Agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : 

 Round, flat, white, smooth, opaque. 



Agar slant (anaerobic): Luxuriant, 

 white, viscid. 



Broth: Turbid, with flocculent pellicle 

 and gray viscous sediment. 



Litmus milk: Acid; slowly coagulated, 

 becoming slimy yellow. 



Potato : Thin, brownish, spreading. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Acid but no gas from glucose. 



Coagulated albumin not recorded. 



Blood serum not liciuefied. 



Non-pathogenic . 



Optimum temperature 30°C. Grows 

 well between 20°C and 37°C. 



Anaerobic. 



Source : From slimy milk. 



Habitat : Not determined, other than 

 this source. 



23. Clostridium cylindrosporxim Barker 

 and Beck. (Jour. Biol. Chem., m, 1941, 

 3. ) Named from the characteristic spore 

 morphology. 



Rods : 1 .0 by 4.0 to 7.0 microns, straight . 

 Motile with peritrichous flagella. Spores 

 elongate to cylindrical, 1.0 to 1.1 by 1.7 

 to 3.0 microns, central, subterminal to 

 terminal, with little or no swelling of 

 rods. Gram-negative. 



Iron -gelatin (Spray) : No growth. 



Deep plain agar : No growth. 



Deep uric acid agar colonies: Whitish, 

 compact, lobate, 1 to 2 mm in diameter, 

 with irregular edges, surrounded by a 

 zone of precipitated ammonium ureate 

 which gradually disappears. 



Plain broth: No growth. 



Glucose broth : No growth. 



Iron-milk (Spray) : No growth. 



Indole not recorded (probably nega- 

 tive). 



Nitrites not recorded (probably nega- 

 tive). 



Glucose not fermented. 



Carbohydrates not fermented. 



Cellulose not fermented. 



Coagulated albumin not liquefied. 



Blood serum not liquefied. 



Brain medium not digested or black- 

 ened. 



Pathogenicity not recorded (probably 

 non-pathogenic ) . 



Optimum temperature about 35°C. 



Optimum reaction about pH 7.5; lower 

 limit for growth pH 6.5. 



Anaerobic. 



Distinctive characters : Requires uric 

 acid, or certain other purines, as a pri- 

 mary source of carbon and energy. The 

 purines are converted into ammonia, CO2, 

 acetic acid and a little glycine. This 

 organism is physiologically similar to 

 Clostridium acidi-urici, but may be 

 readily distinguished from the latter by 

 its morphology. 



Source : A single strain isolated from 

 .soil. 



Habitat: Probably soil, although only 

 this single isolation is recorded. 



24. Clostridium perfringens (Veillon 

 and Zuber) Holland.* Clostridixim ■per- 

 fringens Type A, Wilsdon. {Bacillus 

 aerogenes capsulatus Welch and Nuttall, 

 Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. 3, 1892, 81 

 {Bacillus capsulatus aerogenes Lehmann 

 and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 2 Aufl., 2, 

 1899, 327) ; Bacillus phlegmones emphy- 

 sematosae Fraenkel, Ueber Gasphleg- 



* Because of use of the species name perfringens bj' the Permanent Standards 

 Commission of the Health Organization of the League of Nations (Report of the Per- 

 manent Commission on Biological Standardization, London, June 23, 1931), the use of 

 this name has been continued although it is preceded by a valid binomial {Bacillus 

 emphysematosus Kruse). 



