FAMILY BACILLACEAE 



795 



Cellulose not fermented. 



Coagulated albumin not liquefied. 



Blood serum not liquefied. 



Brain medium not digested or black- 

 ened. 



Probably non-pathogenic. 



Optimum temperature about 34°C. 

 Grows between 19°C and 37°C. 



Optimum reaction about pH 6.8. 

 Range for growth pH 6.0 to 7.5. 



Anaerobic . 



Distinctive characters : Large size of 

 cells, and slow growth, accompanied by 

 non-putrefactive odor of caproic acid and 

 of higher alcohols. Growth is exception- 

 ally favored by synergistic association 

 with Methanobacteriutn omelianskii. In 

 pure culture a high concentration of yeast 

 autolysate is required. Caproic acid is 

 formed from ethyl alcohol . 



Source : From black mud of fresh water 

 and marine origin. 



Habitat: Not determined, other than 

 these sources. Evidently widely dis- 

 persed in nature. 



32. Clostridium acidiurici (Liebert) 

 Barker. {Bacillus acidi urici Liebert, 

 Koninkl. Akad. v. Wetensch., Proc. 

 Sect. Sci., Amsterdam, 12, 1909, 55; 

 Barker, Jour. Bact., 36, 1938, 323.) 

 Named from its characteristic ability to 

 ferment uric acid. 



Rods : 0.5 to 0.7 by 2.5 to 4.0 microns; 

 straight. Motile with peritrichous fla- 

 gella. Spores oval, terminal, swelling 

 rods. Most strains Gram-negative. A 

 few strains weakly Gram-positive, 

 quickly becoming Gram-negative. 



Iron-gelatin (Spray) : No growth. 



Deep plain agar : No growth. 



Deep uric acid agar colonies: Whitish, 

 compact, lobate, 1 to 2 mm in diameter, 

 with irregular edge; surrounded by a 

 temporary zone of precipitated am- 

 monium ureate which gradually disap- 

 pears. 



Surface uric acid agar colonies (anaero- 

 bic) : Variable with strain and with 

 moisture of medium. Colonies 1 to 2 

 mm in diameter, opaque, white, raised. 



round, smooth edge, with concentric sur- 

 face markings, and of rubbery consist- 

 ency. Other colonies may be very thin, 

 soft, transparent, with fimbriate projec- 

 tions, spreading to cover almost the entire 

 plate. Intermediate colony types also 

 observed. 



Plain broth : No growth. 



Glucose broth : No growth. 



Iron-milk (Spray) : No growth. 



Indole not recorded (probably nega- 

 tive). 



Nitrites not recorded (probably nega- 

 tive). 



Glucose not fermented. 



Carbohydrates not fermented. 



Cellulose not fermented. 



Coagulated albumin not liquefied. 



Blood serum not liquefied. 



Brain medium not digested or black- 

 ened. 



Probably non-pathogenic. 



Optimum temperature about 35°C. 



Optimum reaction about pH 7.5; lower 

 limit for growth about pH 6.5. 



Anaerobic. 



Distinctive characters : Requires uric 

 acid, or certain other purines, as a 

 primary source of carbon and energy. 

 The purines are converted mainly into 

 ammonia, CO2 and acetic acid. During 

 growth the medium tends to become alka- 

 line (pH 8.0 to 8.5); there is no visible 

 evolution of gas. 



Source: From soils of diverse origin. 



Habitat : Evidently widely dispersed 

 in soils. Present in fecal material of 

 yellow-shafted flicker (Colaptes auratus). 



33. Clostridium capitovale (Snyder and 

 Hall ) Snyder. (Bacillus capitovalis Sny- 

 der and Hall, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 

 Orig., 135, 1935, 290; Clostridium capi- 

 tovalis Snyder, Jour. Bact., 32, 1936, 401; 

 Plectridium capitovalis Pr^vot, Ann. 

 Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 87.) From Latin, 

 oval -headed. 



Rods : 0.5 to 0.8 by 2.0 to 2.5 microns. 

 Slender, commonly curved, with rounded 

 ends, occurring singly, in pairs, and rarely 

 in short chains. Motile with long peri- 



