808 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Non -pathogenic for sheep, rabbit, 

 guinea pig or white mouse. 



Optimum reaction pH 7.0 to 7.2; 

 minimum pH 6.0; maximum pH 8.0. 



Optimum temperature 37°C. Grows 

 slowly at 25°C to 30°C ; growth ceases at 

 40°C. 



Anaerobic. 



Distinctive character : Production of a 

 brilliant red pigment, soluble in amyl 

 alcohol, petrol -ether, xylol and aniline 

 oil. Partly soluble in ether, chloroform 

 and acetone. Pigment very stable in 

 light. 



Source : From macerated raw potato 

 infusion. 



Habitat : Not recorded, other than from 

 this single source. 



54. Clostriditun spumarum (Prevot 

 and Pochon) comb. nov. {PUctridium 

 spumarum Prevot and Pochon, Compt. 

 rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, 130, 1939, 966.) 

 From Latin, foam or froth. 



Rods: 0.5 by 4.0 microns, motile. 

 Spores are oval and terminal, swelling 

 rods. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin : Liquefied in 15 days. 



Deep agar: Forms small cottony 

 colonies and a few gas bubbles. 



Peptone water: Turbidity and slight 

 sediment. 



Milk: Coagulated in 5 days, but clot is 

 not digested. 



Indole is produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide is formed (medium 

 not stated). 



Sugars not attacked immediately after 

 isolation . 



After 1 month cultivation, ferments 

 slowly glucose, fructose, galactose, mal- 

 tose, arabinose, xylose, sucrose, mannitol 

 and starch. Inulin is not fermented. 



Cellulose (in synthetic medium) is 

 fermented chiefly to acetic and butyric 

 acids, together with inflammable gas and 

 traces of ethyl alcohol. 



Coagulated albumin not attacked. 



Brain medium not blackened. 



Optimum temperature around 37°C. 

 Not thermophilic. 



Anaerobic. 



Distinctive characters : Does not pro- 

 duce pigment, and ferments a variety of 

 carbohydrates. 



Source : From the scum of sugar refining 

 vats. 



Habitat : Not determined, other than 

 from this source. 



.55. Clostridium werneri Bergey et al. 

 {Bacillus cellulosam fermentans Werner, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 67, 1926, 297; 

 Bergey et al., Manual, 3rd ed., 1930, 452; 

 Bacterhim cellulosam J epson. Bull. Ento- 

 mol. Res., 28, 1937, 163; Terminosporus 

 cellulosam fermentans Prevot, Ann. Inst. 

 Past., 61, 1938, 86; Terminosporus cellu- 

 losam-fennentans Prevot, Man. d. Class., 

 etc., 1940, 148.) Named for Erich Wer- 

 ner, the German bacteriologist who first 

 isolated this organism. 



Related species : Probably closely re- 

 lated to Clostridium omelianskii. 



Rods : 0.5 to 0.7 by 1.5 to 7.0 microns, 

 occurring singly and in pairs, but not in 

 chains. Motile with peritrichous flagella. 

 Spores oval, terminal, .swelling rods. 

 Gram-negative. 



Cellulose agar slant (anaerobic): 

 Growth only in contact with cellulose. 

 Growth grayish black; agar is darkened. 

 Gas is formed. 



Agar slant (anaerobic) : No growth. 



Broth : No growth. 



Broth with filter paper: Poor growth; 

 cellulose weald j^ attacked. 



Omelianski solution with filter paper: 

 Abundant growth; cellulose digested with 

 formation of H2 and CO2. 



Hydrogen sulfide is formed in the 

 Omelianski medium, presumably from 

 the (NH4)2S04 and MgSO*. 



Glucose not fermented. 



Carbohydrates, other than cellulose, 

 not fermented. 



Non-pathogenic for mice. 



Optimum temperature 33°C to 37°C. 



Anaerobic. 



Source : From larvae of rose leaf beetle 

 {Potosia cuprea). 



