FAMILY BACILLACEAE 



809 



Plabitat : Occurs in soil and in feces of 

 herbivorus animals. 



56. Clostridium cellulosolvens Cowies 

 and Rettger. (Jour. Bact., 21, 1931, 167; 

 Caduceus cellulosolvens Pr^vot, Ann. 

 Inst. Past., 61, 1938,86.) From chemical 

 term, cellulose, and Latin, dissolving. 



Rods: 0.5 by 2.0 to 6.0 microns, com- 

 monly curving, occurring singly and in 

 pairs, not in chains. Xon-motile. Spores 

 spherical, terminal, swelling rods. Gram 

 stain uncertain; usually Gram-negative. 



Does not grow in routine media, except 

 where cellulose or certain few carbohy- 

 drates are added. 



Surface colonies on de.xtrin-cysteine 

 meat infusion agar (anaerobic): Tiny, 

 round, transparent dew-drops; finely 

 granular, with smooth edge. 



Acid and gas from cellulose, dextrin, 

 arabinose, .xylose and soluble starch. 

 Glucose, fructose, mannose, lactose, mal- 

 tose, sucrose, melezitose, raffinose, inulin, 

 salicin, amygdalin, adonitol, dulcitol, 

 erythritol, glycerol, inositol, mannitol, 

 sorbitol and gum arable not fermented. 



Cellulose decomposed to Ho, CO.- and 

 organic acids. 



Grows at 37°C. 



Anaerobic. 



Source : From horse feces. 



Habitat : Not determined, other than 

 this source. Probably widely dispersed 

 in manured soil. 



57. Clostridium dissolvens Bergey et 



al. {Bacillus cellulosae dissolvens Khou- 

 vine, Ann. Inst. Past., 37, 1923, 711; 

 Bergey et al.. Manual, 2nd ed., 1925, 344; 

 Caduceus cellulosae dissolveris Pr^vot, 

 Ann. Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 86.) From 

 Latin, dissolving. 



Rods : Slender, ranging from 2.5 to 12.5 

 microns in length, occurring singly, 

 occasionally in pairs, but not in chains. 

 Non-motile. Spores oval, terminal, 



swelling rods. Gram-negative. 



Cellulose is digested by the formation 

 of an endocellulase which acts only when 

 the bacteria are attached to the cellulose. 



Saccharides are formed from cellulose, 

 also CO2, Ho, ethyl alcohol, acetic, lactic 

 and butyric acids. 



A yellow pigment is formed in presence 

 of cellulose. 



Glucose not fermented. 



Carbohydrates, other than cellulose, 

 not fermented. 



Xon-pathogenic for guinea pig. 



Optimum temperature : Grows between 

 35°C and 51°C, without a definite 

 optimum. 



Anaerobic . 



Distinctive character: Grows only in 

 media containing cellulose, in the pres- 

 ence of which it produces a yellow 

 pigment . 



Source: From human feces. 



Habitat : Intestinal canal of man. 



58. Clostridium omelianskii (Henne- 

 berg emend. Clausen) comb. nov. (Cel- 

 lulose fermenting microbe, Omelianski, 

 Compt. rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, 121, 1895, 

 653 {Bacillus fermentationis cellulosae 

 Omelianski, Arch. Sci. Biol. (Russ.), 7, 

 1899, 419; Bacterium cellulosis Migula, 

 Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 1900, 513); Bacille hy- 

 drogenique, Omelianski, Arch. Sci. Biol. 

 (Russ.), 9, 1902-03, 263 (Wasserstoff bacil- 

 lus, Omelianski, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 

 8, 1902, 262; Bacillus fossicularum Leh- 

 mann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 4 

 Aufi., 2, 1907, 466; Bacillus hydrogenii 

 Jungano and Distaso, Les Anaerobies, 

 1910, 147; Bacillus omelianskii Henne- 

 berg. Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 55, 1922, 

 276, emend. Clausen, Cent. f. Bakt., II 

 Abt., 8J^, 1931, 40 and 54; Omelianskillus 

 hydrogenicus Heller, Jour. Bact., 7, 1922, 

 5; Caduceus cellulosae hydrogenicus Pr^- 

 vot, Ann. Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 86); 

 Bacille formenique, Omelianski, Arch. 

 Sci. Biol. (Russ.), 9, 1902-03, 263 

 (Methanbucillus, Omelianski, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 11, 1903-€4, 370; Bacillus 

 methanigenes Lehmann and Neumann, 

 Bakt. Diag., 4 Aufl., 2, 1907, 466; Cello- 

 bacillus methanigenes Orla-Jensen, Cent, 

 f. Bakt., II Abt., 22, 1909, 343; Bacillus 

 meihanii Jungano and Distaso, Les 



