878 



MANUAL OF DETERMIXATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Glycerol broth: After 8 weeks, thick, 

 white or cream-colored, wrinkled pellicle 

 extending up the sides of the flask, no 

 turbidity; granular or scaly deposit. 



Dorset's egg slants: After 4 weeks, 

 rather sparse, discrete or confluent, 

 slightly raised, grayish-yellow growth 

 with finely granular surface. 



Glycerol egg slants : After 4 weeks, 

 luxuriant, raised, confluent, gray to 

 yellow growth, with granular surface, 

 generally with nodular heaped-up areas. 



Coagulated beef serum: After 4 weeks, 

 thin, effuse, confluent, gray to yellow 

 growth, with a very fine granular surface. 



Gl3^cerol beef serum: After 4 weeks, 

 luxuriant, thick, raised, confluent, yellow 

 to orange -yellow growth, with coarsely 

 granular surface, generally with irregu- 

 larly heaped-up areas. 



Litmus milk : Growth, but no change in 

 the milk. 



Glycerol potato: After 4 weeks, luxu- 

 riant, raised, confluent, cream-colored 

 growth with a nodular or warty surface. 



Carbohydrates : Glucose, fructose, arab- 

 inose and galactose are utilized ; sucrose 

 and lactose not utilized (Merrill, Jour. 

 Bact., SO, 1930, 235, based on the exam- 

 ination of one strain). 



Optimum temperature 37 °C. 



Optimum pH 7.4 to 8.0 (Ishimori, 

 Ztschr. f. liyg., 102, 1924, 329); pH 6.0 

 to 6.5 (Dernby and Naslund, Biochem. 

 Zeit., 133, 1922, 392). 



Pathogenicity : Produces tuberculosis 

 in man, monkey, dog and parrot. Ex- 

 perimentally, it is highly pathogenic for 

 guinea pigs but not for rabbits, cats, 

 goats, oxen or domestic fowls. 



Intermediate manmialian types : 

 Griffith (Lancet, 1, 1916-17, 721; Jour. 

 Path, and Bact., 21, 1924, 54) has found 

 aberrant types particularly in skin lesions 

 of both man and ox, which are in certain 

 characteristics intermediate between the 

 human and the bovine varieties. He 

 finds no evidence, however, that the one 

 variety may change into the other. 



Variation: Variation in colony struc- 

 ture of the two mammalian varieties. 



comparable with that in other species, 

 has been described by several authors, as 

 Petroff et al. (Jour. E.xp. Med., 60, 1934, 

 515), Birkhaug (Ann. Inst. Past., 57, 

 1933, 428), Kahn et al. (Jour. Bact., 25, 

 1933, 157), Uhlenhuth and Sieffert (Zeit. 

 Immun., 59, 1930, 187), Reed and Rice 

 (Canad. Jour. Res., 5, 1931, 111), Smith- 

 burn (Jour. Exp. Med., 63, 1936, 95) and 

 Shaffer (Jour. Path, and Bact., 40, 1935, 

 107). Several of these authors have 

 found associated variation in cell struc- 

 ture and in virulence though Boquet 

 (Compt. rend. Soc. Biol. Paris, 103, 1930, 

 290), Birkhaug (Ann. Inst. Past., 49, 

 1932, 630), and others, have failed to find 

 differences in virulence. Reed and Rice 

 (Jour. Immunol., 23, 1932, 385) found the 

 S form to contain an antigenic substance 

 lacking in the R form. 



Antigenic structure: By agglutination, 

 absorption of agglutinins and comple- 

 ment fixation a distinction may be made 

 between the mammalian varieties and 

 Mycobacterium avium, but it has been im- 

 possible to distinguish, by these means, 

 between the two mammalian varieties 

 (Tullock et al.. Tubercle, 6, Oct.-Dec, 

 1924, 18, 57 and 105; Wilson, Jour. Path, 

 and Bact., 28, 1925, 69; Griffith, Tubercle, 

 6, May, 1925, 417; Rice and Reed, Jour. 

 Immunol., 23, 1932, 385; Kauffman, 

 Ztschr. f. Hyg., 114, 1932, 121). Tu- 

 berculins prepared from the human and 

 the bovine varieties are ordinarily in- 

 distinguishable in their action but Lewis 

 and Seibert (Jour. Immunol., 20, 1931, 

 201) detected a difference bj' cross an- 

 aphylactic reactions. 



Distinctive characters : Tubercle ba- 

 cilli pathogenic for guinea pigs and rab- 

 bits, not for fowls. Mycobacteriiun 

 tuberculosis var. ho7ninis produces gen- 

 eralized tuberculosis in guinea pigs but 

 not in rabbits. Mycobacterium tubercu- 

 losis var. bovis produces generalized 

 disease in both guinea pigs and rabbits. 

 Growth of the human variety is enhanced 

 by the addition of glj^cerol to most 

 media. The growth of the bovine 

 variety is not enhanced by the addition 



