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MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



reduced by 1 strain (Aronson); slightly 

 reduced (Gordon) ; not reduced (Bynoe). 



Carbohydrates : Utilizes fructose, man- 

 nitol and trehalose ; fails to utilize arab- 

 inose, sucrose, galactose and sorbitol 

 (Gordon, Jour. Bact., 34, 1937, 617). 



Temperature relations : Fails to survive 

 60°C for 1 hour, fails to grow at 47°C 

 (Gordon) ; good growth at 25°C, no growth 

 at 37°C (Aronson); optimum for growth 

 25°C, range 10° to 35°C (Bynoe). 



Range of pH : 6.6 to 7.8 (Aronson) ; op- 

 timum 7.3 to 8.0, range 5.0 to 11.0 

 (Bynoe). 



Pathogenicity : Experimentally pro- 

 duces generalized tuberculosis in snakes, 

 frogs, lizards and fish but not pathogenic 

 for guinea pigs, rabbits or fowls. 



Antigenic structure : By agglutination 

 and absorption of agglutinins Mycobacte- 

 rium thamnopheos may be distinguished 

 from Mycobacterium marinum, Myco- 

 bacterium friedmannii and Mycobacterium 

 ranae. See Mycobacterium piscium. 



Variation: According to Bynoe and 

 Wyckoff (Amer. Rev. Tub., £9, 1934, 

 389) S and R forms may be distinguished 

 by colony structure and individual cell 

 arrangement . 



Distinctive characters : See Mycobac- 

 terium piscium. 



Source : From the lungs and livers of 

 garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis). 



Habitat : Present as a parasite in the 

 garter snake and possibly other cold- 

 blooded vertebrates. 



10. Mycobacterium friedmannii Hol- 

 land. (Schildkroten tuberkelbacillus, 

 Friedmann, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 

 34, 1903, 647; Bacillus friedmanii (sic) 

 Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 218; Myco- 

 bacterium friedmanii Holland, ibid.; 

 Mycobacterium chelonei Bergey et al., 

 Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 376.) Named for 

 Dr. Friedmann, who isolated this or- 

 ganism. 



Common name-: Turtle bacillus. 



Description from Friedmann {loc. 

 cit.) and Aronson (Jour. Inf. Dis., 44, 

 1929, 222). 



Slender rods: 0.2 to 0.4 by 0.5 to 5 

 microns. Beaded forms are common. 

 Acid-alcohol -fast in young cultures but 

 in cultures two weeks old generally there 

 are many non-acid-fast rods. Non-mo- 

 tile. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin stab : White surface growth, 

 scanty growth along the line of stab. 

 No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies : 1 to 3 mm in diameter, 

 irregularly round, raised, moist, glisten- 

 ing, white. 



Glycerol agar slants : Thick, spreading 

 growth, at first moist, later granular, 

 3'^ellowish-white (Friedmann) ; olive-gray 

 (Bynoe); white (Aronson). 



Glycerol broth : Thick wrinkled pellicle 

 after two to three days growth, later 

 some membranous sediment. Grayish- 

 yellow (Friedmann) ; grayish-white 

 (Bynoe). 



Dorset's egg medium: Spreading, 

 raised, slightly moist, pale buff. 



Loeffler's serum : Scant growth, raised, 

 dry, crumb-like. 



Litmus milk: Slightly alkaline after 

 10 daj's growth. 



Glycerol potato: Thick, wrinkled, gray 

 after 2 days growth. 



Indole not formed. 



Carbohydrates : Glucose, fructose and 

 arabinose utilized, sucrose slightly uti- 

 lized, galactose and lactose not utilized 

 (Merrill, Jour. Bact., 20, 1930, 235). 

 Arabinose not utilized (Gordon, Jour. 

 Bact., 34, 1937, 617). 



Optimum temperature 25° to 30°C. 



Pathogenicity : Experimentally pro- 

 duces tubercles in most species of cold- 

 blooded animals, possibly in guinea pigs 

 but not in other warm-blooded animals. 



Variation : According to Gildemeister 

 (Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Grig., 86, 1921, 

 513) S and Pi, types may be distinguished 

 on glycerol agar. The S grows as smooth, 

 moist, glistening, convex colonies; the 

 R as flat, dry, spreading colonies. 

 Wykoff (Amer. Rev. Tub., 29, 1934, 289) 

 has shown a difference in the form of cell 

 division and corresponding cell arrange- 

 ment of the two types. 



