1012 MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



FAMILY I. CYTOPHAGACEAE STANIER. 



(Jour. Bact., I^0, 1940, 630.) 



Flexible, sometimes pointed rods, showing creeping motility. No fruiting bodies 

 or spores (microcysts) formed. There is a single genus Cytophaga. 



Genus I. Cytophaga Winogradsky. 



(Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 43, 1929, 578.) 



Diagnosis : As for family. From Greek kytos, hollow place or cell ; and phagein, 

 to eat, devour. 

 The type species is Cytophaga hutchinsonii Winogradsky. 



Key to the species of genus Cytophaga. 



I. From soil. 



A. Do not utilize starch. 



1. Produce yellow pigment on cellulose. 



1. Cytophaga hutchinsonii. 



2. Cytophaga lutea. 



2. Produces orange pigment on cellulose. 



3. Cytophaga aurantiaca. 



3. Produces pink pigment on cellulose. 



4. Cytophaga rubra. 



4. Produces olive-green pigment on cellulose. 



5. Cytophaga tenuissima. 



B. Utilize starch. 



1. Produces yellow to orange pigment on starch. 



6. Cytophaga deprimata. 



2. Produces cream to pale yellow pigment on starch. 



7. Cytophaga alhogilva. 

 11. From sea water. 



A. Dark pigment on cellulose. 



8. Cytophaga krzemieniewskae. 



B. No pigment on cellulose. 



C. Liquefies agar. 



9. Cytophaga diffluens. 

 10. Cytophaga sensiliva. 



1. Cytophaga hutchinsonii Wino- 6.0 microns, according to Krzemieniewska 



gradsky. (Winogradsky, Ann. Inst. (Arch. Mikrobiol., 4, 1933, 396); 1.8 to 



Pasteur, 43, 1929, 578; Cytophaga strain 4.0 microns, according to Jensen (loc.cit.). 



8, Jensen, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, May be straight, bent, U-shaped or S- 



65, 1940, 547; not Cytophaga hutchinsoni shaped. Stain poorly with ordinary 



Imsenecki and Solntzeva, Bull. Acad. aniline dyes. With Giemsa's or Wino- 



Sci. U.S.S.R., Ser. Biol., No. 6, 1936, gradsky's stain young cells are colored 



1129.) uniformly except for the tips, which 



Etymology : Named for H. B. Hutchin- remain almost colorless; in older cells 



son. there is a concentration of chromatin 



Rods: Highly flexible, occurring singly, material at the center. Old cultures 



0.3 to 0.4 microns wide at the center and show large coecoid cells which are not 



tapering to both ends. Length 3.0 to readily seen. Gram-negative. 



