FAMILY SPIROCHAETACEAE 



1053 



Zuelzer, ibid., 51 .) From Greek, broadly 

 twisted . 



Probably a subspecies or variant of 

 Spirochaeta plicatilis. 



Cylindrical : 0.5 micron in thickness 

 and up to 300 microns in length. 



Spiral amplitude: More shallow than 

 spirals of Spirochaeta plicatilis with blunt 

 ends. 



Axial filament present. Fle.xible, 

 elastic. 



Division transverse. 



Fewer volutin granules than in Spiro- 

 chaeta plicatilis. Cytoplasmic spirals 

 stain. 



Optimum temperature 20°C. 



Habitat : Swamp water and in grossly 

 polluted water containing HjS. 



4. Spirochaeta stenostrepta Zuelzer. 

 (Zuelzer, Arch. f. Protistcnkunde, 24, 

 1912, 16; Treponema stenostrepta Ender- 

 lein, Bakterien-Cyelogenie, 1925, 253.) 

 From Greek, narrowly twisted. 



Cylindrical : 0.25 micron in thickness 

 and 20 to 60, occasionally up to 200, 

 microns in length, with pointed ends. 



Spiral amplitude very narrow with 

 steep windings. 



Axial filament present. P'lexible, 

 elastic. 



Division transverse. 



Fewer volutin granules than in Spiro- 

 chaeta plicatilis. 



Cytoplasmic spirals stain. 



Optimum temperature 20"C. 



Habitat : Water containing H2S. 



5. Spirochaeta daxensis Cantacuzene. 

 (Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, 68, 

 1910, 75.) Named for Dax, a watering 

 place in France. 



Large spirals: 0.5 to 2.5 by 30 to 100 

 microns, possessing a longitudinal chro- 

 matin filament, and tapering at the ends. 



They are flattened and exhibit a double 

 .series of curls, smaller waves being super- 

 imposed on larger undulations. 



Optimum temperature 44° to 52°C. 



Source : Found in water of hot spring of 

 Dax (52° to 56°C). 

 Habitat : Hot springs. 



Appendix: The following species ma^' 

 belong in this genus. Descriptions are 

 usually inadequate. 



Spirochaeta agilis Adelmann. (Cent, 

 f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 88, 1922, 413.) 

 From mud from the harbor at Kiel. 

 Original culture had a weak odor of hy- 

 drogen sulfide. 



Spirochaeta aurantia Vinzent. 



(Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, 95, 1926, 

 1472.) From drain water. Forms small 

 yellowish-orange colonies on agar after 5 

 to S days. Shows involution forms. This 

 species definitely does not belong in the 

 genus Spirochaeta, although it is placed 

 here for the present . Its description sug- 

 gests that it may belong among the 

 vibrios. 



Spirochaeta flexihilis Xagler. (Cent, 

 f. Bakt.. I Abt., Orig., 50. 1909, 445.) 

 From the mud of a lake. 



Spirochaeta fulgurans Dobell. (Arch, 

 f. Protistenk., 26, 1912, 117.) From 

 water of the river Granta at Cambridge, 

 ^vlay be a synonym of Spirochaeta steno- 

 strepta. 



Spirochaeta gigantea Warming. 



(Warming, Videnskabl. Meddel. Xaturh. 

 Foren., Copenhagen, 1875, 70; Spirillum 

 giganteum Trevisan, I generi c le specie 

 delle Batteriacee, 1889, 24; not Spirillum 

 giganteum Migula, Syst. d. Bakt., i?, 1900, 

 1025.) Large, 3 microns in diameter. 

 Inadequately described and possibly not 

 a spirochaete. 



Spirochaeta graminea Zuelzer. (Zuel- 

 zer, 1925, in Prowazek, Handb. d. path. 

 Protoz., 3, 1931, 1670.) From an infusion 

 of herbs. Size 0.25 by 100 microns. 

 From rivers and marshes where it digests 

 cellulose. 



Spirochaeta graminea marina Zuelzer. 

 (Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 96, 1925, 

 426.) From sea water. 



Spirochaeta icterogenes marina Zuelzer. 



