1058 MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



FAMILY II. TREPONEMATACEAE SCHAUDINN. 



(Deutsche med. Wochnschr., 31, 1905, 1728.) 



Coarse or slender spirals, 4 to 16 microns in length; longer forms due to incomplete 

 or delayed division. Protoplasm with no obvious structural features. Some may- 

 show terminal filaments. Spirals regular or irregular, flexible or comparatively rigid. 

 Some visible only with dark field illumination. Parasitic on vertebrates with few 

 exceptions. Some pathogenic. Many can be cultivated. 



Key to the genera of family Treponemataceae. 



I. Stains easily with ordinary aniline dyes. 



Genus I. Borrelia, p. 1058. 

 II. Stain with difficulty except with Giemsa's stain and silver impregnation. 



A. Strict anaerobes. 



Genus II. Treponema, p. 1071. 



B. Aerobes. 



Genus III. Leptospira, p. 1076. 



Genus I. Borrelia* Sivellengrebcl . 



(Swellengrebel, Ann. Inst. Past., £1, 1907, 582; Spiroschaudinnia Sambon, in Man- 

 son, Tropical Diseases, August, 1907, 833; Cacospira Enderlein, Sitzber. Ges. Naturf. 

 Freunde, Berlin, 1917, 309; Entomospira Enderlein, ibid.; Spironema Bergey et al., 

 Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 424; not Spironema Vuillemin, Compt. rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 

 140, 1905, 1567; Spirochaeta Gieszczykiewicz, Bull. Acad. Polonaise d. Sci. et Lettres, 

 CI. Sci. Math, et Nat., Ser. B, 1939, 24.) 



Length 8 to 16 microns. Coarse, shallow, irregular, with a few obtuse angled spirals. 

 Generally taper terminally into fine filaments. Stain easily with ordinary aniline 

 dyes. Refractive index approximately the same as that of true bacteria. Parasitic 

 upon many forms of animal life. Some are pathogenic for man, other mammals and 

 birds. Generally hematophytes are found on mucous membranes. Some are trans- 

 mitted by the bites of arthropods. 



The type species is Borrelia anserina (Sakharofi) Bergey et al. 



1. Borrelia anserina (Sakharofi) Ber- SjMionyms: SpirocJtueta marchotixi 



gey et al. (Spirochaeta anserina Sak- Xuttall, Epidemiol. Soc, London, £4, 



haroff, Ann. Inst. Past., 5, 1891, 564; 1904, 12 (Spirille de la poule, Marchoux 



Spirillum anserum (sic) Sternberg, Man. and Salimbeni, Ann. Inst. Past., 17, 1903, 



of Bact., 1893, 499; Spirillum anserinum 569; Spirochaeta gallinarum Stephens 



Mac^, Traite Pratique de Bact., 4th ed., and Christopher, Practical Study of Ma- 



1901, 1060; Spirochaete anserina Mace, laria and Other Blood Parasites, Liver- 



ihid.; Spiroschaudinnia anserina Cas- pool, 1905; Borrelia gallinarum Swellen- 



tellani and Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., grebel, Ann. Inst. Past., 21, 1907, 623; 



2nd ed., 1913, 403; Spironema anserina Spirochaete gallinarum Lehmann and 



Noguchi, Jour. Exp. Med., 27, 1918, 584; Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 4 Aufl., 2, 1907, 



Bergey et al.. Manual, 2nd ed., 1925, 435 ; 623 ; Spironema gallinarum Gross, Cent. f. 



Treponema anserina Noguchi, in Jordan Bakt., I Abt., Grig., 65, 1912, 92; Spiro- 



and Falk, Newer Knowledge Bact. and schaudinnia marchouxi Castellani and 



Immun., 1928, 456.) From Latin, per- Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 2nd ed., 



taining to geese. 1913, 403; Spironema marchouxi Ford, 



* Further revision of the genus by Prof. E. G. D. Murray, McGillUniv., Montreal, 

 P. Q., Canada, April, 1947. Reviewed by Dr. Gordon E. Davis, Rocky Mountain 

 Laboratory, U.S.P.H.S, Hamilton, Montana. 



