FAMILY TREPONEMATACEAE 



1059 



Textb. of Bact., 1927, 955; Spirochaeta 

 gallinae Ford, idem; Treponema gallin- 

 arum Noguchi, in Jordan and Falk, Newer 

 Knowledge Bact. and Immun., 1928, 461 ; 

 Treponema marchouxi Gay et al., Agents 

 of Disease and Host Resistance, 1935, 

 1077). The cause of septicaemia in 

 chickens. 



Spirochaeta granulosa perietrans Bal- 

 four, Jour. Trop. Med. and Hyg., 10, 1907, 

 153 {Spiroschaudinnia granulosa Balfour, 

 Jour. Trop. Veter., Calcutta, 5, 1910, 309 ; 

 Spironema granulosa Ford, Textb. of 

 Bact., 1927, 957). From spirochetosis of 

 fowls in Sudan. 



Spirochaeta nicollei Brumpt, Bull. Soc. 

 Path. Exot., 2, 1909, 285 and/or Precis 

 de Parasitol., Paris, 1st ed., 1910 (Galli- 

 Valerio, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 

 50, 1909, 189 and 61, 1912, 529; Spir a neyna 

 nicollei Ford, Textb. of Bact., 1927, 958; 

 Treponema nicollei Gay et al., Agents of 

 disease and Host Resistance, 1935, 1077). 

 From spirochetosis of geese in Tunisia. 



Spirochaeta neveuxi Brumpt, Bull. Soc. 

 Path. Exot., 2, 1909, 285 {Spiroschaudin- 

 nia neveuxii Castellani and Chalmers, 

 Man. Trop. Med., 2nd ed., 1913, 404; 

 Spironema neveuxi Ford, Textb. of Bact., 

 1927, 958; Treponema neveuxi Gay et al.. 

 Agents of Disease and Host Resistance, 

 1935, 1077). The cause of fowl spiroche- 

 tosis in Senegal. 



Spirochaeta gallinarum var. hereditaria 

 Neumann and IMayer, in Lehmann, 

 Med. Atlanten, 11, 1914, 276. A North 

 African strain of fowl spiz'ochetosis. 



Borrelia pullorum Redowitz, Amer. 

 Jour. Med. Technol., 2, 1936, 91. From 

 diseased chickens. 



Spirochaeta anatis Parrot, Bull. Soc. 

 Path. Exot., 13, 1920, 647. Pathogenic 

 for domestic ducks in Algeria. 



Morphology: 0.25 to 0.3 by 8 to 20 

 microns, averaging about 1 spiral per 

 micron. 



Actively motile, with lashing move- 

 ments. 



Stains readily with aniline dyes and 

 Giemsa's stain. 



Cultivation : Can be cultivated in 

 Noguchi's ascitic fluid-rabbit kidney 

 medium. 



Immunologj' : Antigenically distinct 

 from species found in mammals. 



Arthropod vectors : Transmitted by the 

 bites of ticks (Argas persicus, A. minia- 

 tus, A. reflexus and Ornithodoros mou- 

 hata.) 



Pathogenic for birds but not for mam- 

 mals. 



Source: From blood of infected geese, 

 ducks, fowls and vector ticks. 



Habitat : The cause of spirochetosis of 

 fowls. 



2. Borrelia recurrentis (Lebert)Bergey 

 et al. (Obermeier, Berlin, klin. Woch- 

 schr., 1873, 152; Protomycetum recurrentis 

 Lebert, Ziemssen's Handbuch, 2, 1874, 

 267; Spirochaete obermeieri Cohn, Beitr. 

 z. Biol. d. Pdanzen, 1, Heft 3, 1875, 196; 

 Spirillum obermeieri Zopf, Die Spalt- 

 pilze, 3 Aufl., 1885, 71 ; Spirochaeta ober- 

 meieri Migula, in Engler and Prantl, Die 

 natiirl. Pflanzenfam., 1, la, 1895, 35; 

 Spirochaete recurrentis Lehmann and 

 Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 4 Aufl., 2, 1907, 

 621 ; Spirochaeta recurrentis Castellani 

 and Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 1st ed., 

 1910, 305; Spironema recurrentis Gross, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 65, 1912, 85; 

 Spiroschaudinnia recurrentis Castellani 

 and Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 2nd ed., 

 1913, 398; Spironema obermeieri Park and 

 Williams, Pathogenic Microorganisms, 

 6th ed., 1917, 513; Cacospira recurrentis 

 Enderlein, Sitzungsber. d. Gesellsch. 

 naturf. Freunde, 1917, 313; Treponemare- 

 currentis Brumpt, Nouveau Traite de 

 Medecine, Paris, 4, 1922, 508; Treponema 

 obermeieri Brumpt, ibid.; Cacospira ober- 

 meieri Enderlein, Bakterien-Cyclogenie, 

 1925, 254; Bergey et al.. Manual, 2nd ed., 

 1925, 433; Spirillum recurrentis Ford, 

 Textb. of Bact., 1927, 9i8; Spiroschaudin- 

 nia obermeieri Ford, ibid.) From Latin, 

 recurring. 



Cylindrical or slightly flattened, 0.35 

 to 0.5 by 8 to 16 microns, with pointed 

 ends. 



