1060 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Spiral amplitude 1.5 microns. 



Spirals large, wavy, inconstant, about 

 5 in number. 



Terminal finely spiral filaments 

 present. 



Highly motile end portion absent. 



Motility : By active cork-screw motion 

 without polarity. Lashing movements 

 common in drawn blood. 



Stains with common aniline dyes. 

 Gram-negative. Violet with Giemsa's 

 stain. 



Bile salts (10 per cent) : Disintegration 

 complete. 



Saponin (10 per cent) : Immobilized in 

 30 minutes, then broken up in a few hours. 

 In some a skeletal structure remains. 



Cultivation : Can be cultured in ascitic 

 or hydrocoel fluid to which a piece of 

 sterile rabbit kidney is added . Optimum 

 reaction pH 7.2 to 7.4. 



Immunology : Serum does not agglu- 

 tinate Borrelia duttoni. 



Accidental and experimental transmis- 

 sion by conjunctival sac and skin abra- 

 sions. 



Disease in experimental animals (small 

 rodents after monkey passage) mild. 



Arthropod vector: Louse {Pediculus 

 humanus) which exhibits normal trans- 

 mission from the 16th to the 28th day. 

 Found in the bed-bug {Cimex lectularius) 

 and ticks, but not transmitted by them. 

 No evidence of hereditary transmission 

 in the louse. 



Habitat: The cause of European re- 

 lapsing fever. Transmissible to man, 

 monkeys, mice and rats. 



3. Borrelia duttonii (Breinl) Bergey 

 et al. (Dutton and Todd, Brit. Med. 

 Jour., 2, 1905, 1259; Spirochaeta duttoni 

 Breinl, Lancet, 2, 1906, 1690; Spirillum 

 duttoni Novy and Knapp, Jour. Inf. Dis., 

 3, 1906, 296; see Dutton and Todd, Jour. 

 Trop. Med., 10, 1907, 385; Spirochaete 

 duttoni Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. 

 Diag., 4 Aufl., 2, 1907, 623; Spironema 

 duttoni Gross, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 

 Orig., 65, 1912, 94; Spirochaeta Micro- 



spironema duttoni Duboscq and Lebailly, 

 Compt. rend. Acad. Sci., 154, 1912, 662; 

 Spiroscliaudinnia duttoni Castellani and 

 Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 2nd ed., 

 1913, 399; Treponema duttoni Brumpt, 

 Nouveau Traits de M^decine, Paris, 4, 

 1922, 497; Cacospira duttoni Enderlein, 

 Bakterien-Cyclogenie, 1925, 254; Bergey 

 et al.. Manual, 2nd ed., 1925, 434.) 

 Named for Dutton, who discovered this 

 organism. 



Morphology : Similar to Borrelia recur- 

 rentis. 



Cultivation : Growth occurs under 

 anaerobic conditions in serum water, 

 hydrocoel or ascitic fluid to which a piece 

 of sterile rabbit kidney is added. 



Immunology : This organism is anti- 

 genically distinct from other causes of 

 relapsing fever. 



Pathogenic for mice and rats. Disease 

 in small rodents and many other experi- 

 mental animals very severe. 



Arthropod vector: This species is 

 transmitted to man through the bite of 

 the tick {Ornithodoros moubata) by fecal 

 contamination of the bite. In the tick 

 the organism goes through some granula- 

 tion or fragmentation phenomenon, the 

 nature of which is not understood. 

 Hereditary transmission to at least the 

 third generation of the tick. Not trans- 

 mitted by the louse. 



Habitat: The cause of Central and 

 South African relapsing fever. 



4. Borrelia kochii (Novy) Bergey etal. 

 {Spirochaeta kochi Novy, Proc. Path. Soc. 

 Philadel., N. S. 10, 1907, 1; Spirochaeta 

 rossi Nuttall, Jour. Roy. Inst. Pub. 

 Health, London, 16, 1908, 385; Spiro- 

 scliaudinnia rossii Castellani and Chal- 

 mers, Man. Trop. Med., 2nd ed., 1913, 

 400; Spironema kochii Noguchi, Jour. 

 Exp. Med., 27, 1918, 584; Treponema 

 kochi Brumpt, Nouveau Traitd de M6de- 

 cine, Paris, 4, 1922, 497; Treponema rossi 

 Brumpt, ibid.; Bergey et al., Manual, 

 2nd ed., 1925, 434; Borrelia rossi Stein- 

 haus, Insect Microbiology, 1946, 452.) 



