FAMILY TREPONEMATACEAE 



1061 



Named for Koch, who first observed 

 spirochetes in East African relapsing 

 fever. 



Morphology : Similar to that of Borrelia 

 recurrentis. 



Cultivation : Same as for Borrelia re- 

 currentis. 



Immunology : Antigenically distinct 

 from both Borrelia recurrentis and B. 

 duttonii. 



Pathogenic for mice and rats. 



Arthropod vector: No record. 



Habitat : The cause of African relapsing 

 fever. 



5. Borrelia novyi (Schellack) Bergey 

 et al. (Spirochaete from relapsing fever, 

 Norris, Pappenheimer and Flournoy, 

 Jour. Inf. Dis., 3, 1906, 266; Spirochaeta 

 novyi Schellack, Arb. kaiserl. Gesund- 

 heitsamte, £7, 1907, 199 and 364; Spiro- 

 nema novyi Gross, Archiv f. Protistenk., 

 £4, 1912, 115; Spire schaudinnia novyi 

 Castellani and Chalmers, Man. Trop. 

 Med., 2nd ed., 1913, 400; Treponema 

 novyi Brumpt, Nouveau Traits de M4de- 

 cine, Paris, 4, 1922, 508; Cacospira novyi 

 Enderlein, Bakterien-Cyclogenie, 1925, 

 254; Bergey et al., JNIanual, 2nd ed., 1925, 

 434.) Named for Novy, the American 

 bacteriologist. 



Morphology : Similar to that of Borrelia 

 recurrentis. 



Cultivation: Same as for Borrelia re- 

 currentis. 



Immunology : Antigenically distinct 

 from other relapsing fever organisms. 



Pathogenic for monkeys, white rats 

 and white mice. 



Arthropod vector: Unknown. 



Habitat: Recovered from a patient in 

 Belle vue Hospital, New York. Origin 

 of infection unknown. 



6. Borrelia berbera (Sergent and Fo- 

 ley) Bergey et al. {Spirochaeta berbera 

 Sergent and Foley, Ann. Inst. Past., 24, 

 1910, 337; Spiroschaudinnia berbera Cas- 

 tellani and Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 

 2nd ed., 1913, 402; Spironema berbera 



Noguchi, Jour. E.xp. Med., 27, 1918, 584; 

 Spirochaeta berbera Kolle and Hetsch, 

 Exper. Bakt. u. Infekt., 6 Aufl., 1, 1922, 

 811; Treponema berberum Brumpt, Nou- 

 veau Traits de M^decine, Paris, 4, 1922, 

 496; Bergey et al.. Manual, 2nd ed., 1925, 

 435.) Named for the Berbers, a tribe of 

 Northern Africa. 



Morphology : More tenuous than other 

 relapsing fever organisms, 0.2 to 0.3 by 

 12 to 24 microns. 



Cultivation: No record of its cultiva- 

 tion. 



Immunology : Antigenically distinct 

 from Borrelia recurrentis. 



Arthropod vector : Possibly carried by 

 the louse (Pediculus vestimenti). 



Source : Found in cases of relapsing 

 fever in Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. 



Habitat : Cause of relapsing fever in 

 North Africa. Is virulent for monkeys. 

 Produces non-fatal infections in rats and 

 mice. 



7. Borrelia carteri (Mackie) Bergey et 

 al. (Spirochaeta carteri Mackie, Ann. 

 Trop. Med. and Parasitol., 1, 1907, 157 

 and Indian Med. Gazette, 44, 1908, 370; 

 Spirillum carteri Mackie, Lancet, 2, 1907, 

 832, according to Ford, Textb. of Bact., 

 1927, 950; Spiroschaudinnia carteri Cas- 

 tellani and Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 

 2nd ed., 1913, 401; Spironema carteri 

 Noguchi, Jour. Exp. Med., 27, 1918, 584; 

 Treponema carteri Brumpt, Nouveau 

 Traite de M^decine, Paris, 4, 1922, 497; 

 Bergey et al.. Manual, 2nd ed., 1925, 

 435.) Named for Carter, who in 1879 

 described this organism in the blood of 

 patients with Indian relapsing fever. 



Morpholog}" : Similar to Borrelia ber- 

 bera. 



Cultivation: Not recorded. 



Immunology : Probably a distinct spe- 

 cies. A succession of distinct .serological 

 types occurs with the relapses in a single 

 infection (Cunrdngham et al., Far East- 

 ern Association of Tropical Medicine, 

 Tokj'o, ;^1925; Indian Journal of Medical 



