FAMILY TREPONEMATACEAE 



1063 



11. Borrelia vincentii (Blanchurd) Ber- 

 gej' ot al. (Spirorhacta vincenli Blan- 

 chard, Arch. f. Protistenk., 10, 1906, 129; 

 Spirochaeta schaudinni Prowazek, Arb. 

 kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte, 22, 1907, 23; 

 Spirochaete plaut-vincenti Lehmann and 

 Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 5 Aufl., 2, 1912, 

 579; Spiroschaudinnia vincenli Castel- 

 lani and Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 

 2nd ed., 1913, 402; Spiroschaudinnia 

 schaudinni Castellani and Chalmers, 

 idem; Spironema vincenli Park and 

 Williams, Pathogenic Microorganisms, 

 6th ed., 1917, 506; Treponema vincenli 

 Brumpt, Nouveau Traits de M^decine, 

 Paris, J^, 1922, 514; Treponema schaudinni 

 Brumpt, idem; Bergey et al.. Manual, 

 2nd ed., 1925, 435.) Named for Vincent, 

 the French bacteriologist. 



Morphology: 0.3 by 8 to 12 microns, 3 

 to 8 irregular shallow spirals. Stains 

 easily with the common aniline dyes and 

 is Gram -negative. 



Motility : Has a rapid progressive and 

 vibratory motion. 



Cultivation : Can be cultivated under 

 anaerobic conditions. Cultures may 

 show long forms with only a writhing 

 motion. 



Not pathogenic for laboratory animals. 



Habitat : Found on normal respiratory 

 mucous membrane and is associated with 

 a fusiform bacillus {Fusobaclerium 

 plauli-vincenti) in Vincent's angina. 



12. Borrelia refringens (Schaudinn 

 and Hoffmann) Bergey et al. (Spiro- 

 chaeta refringens Schaudinn and Hoff- 

 mann, Arbeiten kaiserl. Gesundheits- 

 amte, 22, 1905, 528; Spirochaeta refrin- 

 gens Hoffmann and Prowazek, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 41, 1906. 7-12; Spiro- 

 nema refringens Gross, Arch. f. Protis- 

 tenk., 24, 1912, 115; Spiroschaudinnia 

 refringens Castellani and Chalmers, Man. 

 Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 1919, 459; Trepo- 

 nema refringens Castellani and Chalmers, 

 ibid., 461; Bergey et al.. Manual, 2nd 

 ed., 1925, 436.) From Latin, refractive. 



Morphology: 0.5 to 0.75 by 6 to 20 mi- 

 crons. Spirals are coarse and shallow. 



Spirals are generally smoothly lounded 

 and regular, tapering towards the end 

 into a fine projection. Stains easily by 

 common dyes. In stained specimens the 

 spirals appear irregular. 



Motility: Active serpentine and rotat- 

 ing motion with marked flexion. 



Cultivation: Uncertain. 



Pathogenicity: None. 



Source : Found with Treponema palli- 

 dum in some cases of syphilis as orig- 

 inally described by Schaudinn. 



Habitat : Genital mucous membranes 

 and necrotic lesions of the genitalia of 

 man . 



13. Borrelia hyos (King and Drake) 

 Bergey et al. (Hog cholera virus, King 

 and Baeslack, Jour. Inf. Dis., 12, 1913, 

 39; Spirochaeta suis King, Baeslack and 

 Hoffmann, Jour. Inf. Dis., 12, 1913, 2.35; 

 not Spirochaeta suis Bosanquet, Spiro- 

 chetes, Saunders, 1911; Spirochaeta hyos 

 King and Drake, Jour. Inf. Dis., 16, 1915, 

 54 ; Spironema hyos Bergey et al., Manual, 

 1st ed., 1923, 426; Bergey et al., Manual, 

 2nd ed., 1925, 436; Spironema suis Ford, 

 Textb. of Bact., 1927, 959.) From 

 Greek, hog. 



Morphology : 1 micron bj' 5 to 7 microns. 

 Distinctly shorter and thicker than other 

 members of the genus. 



Motility: .\ctive spinning motion, 

 spirals fixed. 



Cultivation : Grows under anaerobic 

 conditions in the presence of tissue. 



Habitat : Found in the blood, intestinal 

 ulcers and other lesions of hogs suffering 

 from hog cholera. 



14. Borrelia hermsi (Davis) Steinhaus. 

 (Spirochaeta hermsi Davis, Amer. Assoc. 

 Adv. Sci., Pub. No. 18, 1942, 46; Stein- 

 haus, Insect Microbiology, 1946, 453.) 



Investigations by Davis (loc. cit.) indi- 

 cate that each species of Ornilhodoros 

 that is a relapsing fever vector carries a 

 spirochete that is tick-host specific and 

 that this host-specific relationship offers 

 a more accurate approach to the differen- 

 tiation of relapsing fever spirochetes 



