1064 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



than any of the several criteria pre- 

 viously used. 



This was shown to be the case for 

 Borrelia hermsi and Borrelia parkeri. 

 For this reason no attempt is made to 

 describe the morphology and other char- 

 acters of the relapsing fever spirochetes 

 of North and South America. 



Borrelia hermsi is transmitted by 

 Ornithodoros hermsi. 



A cause of relapsing fever in the West- 

 ern part of the U. S. A. 



15. Borrelia parkeri (Davis) Steinhaus. 

 (Spirochaeta parkeri Davis, loc. cii.; 

 Steinhaus, loc. cit.) 



Transmitted by Ornithnodoros parkeri. 

 A cause of relapsing fever in the West- 

 ern part of the U. S. A. 



16. Borrelia turicatae (Brumpt) Stein- 

 haus. (Spirochaela luricalae Brumpt, 

 Comp. rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, llS, 

 1933, 1369; Steinhaus, loc. cit.) 



Transmitted by Ornithodoros turicala. 

 A cause of relapsing fever in Mexico, 

 Texas and nearby areas. 



17. Borrelia venezuelensis Brumpt. 

 {Treponema venezuelensis Brumpt, Nou- 

 veau Traite de M(5decine, Paris, 4, 1922, 

 492; Brumpt, ibid., 495; Spirochaela ven- 

 ezuelensis Pettit, Contributions al'Etude 

 des Spiroch(5tides, Vanves, ^,1928, 295.) 



Transmitted by Ornithodoros rudis 

 (0. venezuelensis). 



A cause of South American relapsing 

 fever. 



Brumpt (Precis dc Parasitologic, 3rd 

 ed., Paris, 1936) regards this species as 

 identical with Borrelia neotropicalis 

 (Bates, Dunn and St. John) Steinhaus. 

 {Treponema neotropicalis Bates, Dunn 

 and St. John, Amer. Jour. Trop. Med., 

 1, 1921, 183; Spirochaeta neotropicalis 

 St. John and Bates, Amer. Jour. Trop. 

 Med., 2, 1922, 251; Steinhaus, loc. cit.) 

 Transmitted by Ornithodoros venezuelen- 

 sis. A cause of relapsing fever in 

 Panama. 



Appendix: Many of the species in- 

 cluded in this appendix are so inade- 

 quately described that it is not certain 

 that they belong in this group. 



Borrelia phagedenis (Noguchi) Bergey 

 et al. {Spirochaeta phagedenis Noguchi, 

 Jour. Exp. Med., 16, 1912, 2Ql;'Spiro- 

 schaudinnia phagedenis Castellani and 

 Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 2nd ed., 

 1913, 403 ; Treponema phagedenis Brumpt, 

 Nouveau Traits de M^decine, Paris, 4, 

 1922, 511 ; Spironema phagedenis Bergey 

 et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 426; Bergey 

 et al.. Manual, 2nd ed., 1925, 435.) 

 From phagedenous ulcer. 



Heliconema pyrphoron Scholer. 

 (Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 138, 1937, 

 342.) From human blood. Pathogenic. 



Heliconema vincenti Sanarelli. (Ann. 

 Inst. Past., 41, 1927, 701.) From the in- 

 testine of a guinea pig. Shows stages be- 

 tween spirochetes and fusiform bacilli. 

 (See Hindle, Med. Res. Council Syst. of 

 Bact., 8, 1931, 130.) 



Microspironema merlangi Duboscq and 

 Lebailly. (Compt. rend. Acad. Sci. 

 Paris, 154, 1912, 662.) From the whiting, 

 Merlangus merlangus. May bo a syn- 

 onym of Spirochaeta gadi. 



Spirillum, gondii Nicolle. (Nicollo, 

 Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, 63, 1907, 

 213; Spirochaeta gondi Zuelzer, 1925, in 

 Prowazek, Handb. d. path. Protoz., 3, 

 1931, 16S0.) Found in the blood of a 

 rodent, Ctenodactylus gondi. Not patho- 

 genic. Associated with a piroplasma. 

 Probably not a spirochete. 



Spirillum lalapiei Laveran. (Laveran, 

 Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., 1, 190S, 148; 

 Spirochaela lalapiei Zuelzer, 1925, in 

 Prowazek, Handb. d. path. Protoz., 3, 

 1931, 1683 ; Spironema latapici (sic) Ford, 

 Textb. of Bact., 1927, 964.) From the 

 blood of a shark. 



Spirillum pithed Thiroux and Du- 

 fouger^. (Thiroux and Dufourger(5, 

 Compt. rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 150, 1910, 

 132; Spirochaela pitheci Zuelzer, 1925, in 

 Prowazek, Handb. d. path. Protoz., 3, 

 1931, 1676; Spironema pitheci Ford, 



