FAMILY TREPONEMATACEAE 



1071 



(Sangiorgi, Pathologica Rivista, 5, 1913, 

 428 ; Spirochaeta caviae Hindle, Med. Res. 

 Council Syst. of Bact., 8, 1931, 174.) 

 From the blood of a guinea pig. 



Spiroschaudinnia luitis Castellani and 

 Chalmers. (Castellani and Chalmers, 

 Man. Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 1919, 451; 

 Treponema mite Brumpt, Nouveau Traite 

 de Medecine, Paris, 4, 1922, 506.) From 



urine in mild cases of camp jaundice. 

 Probably not pathogenic. 



Treponema lineola (Donne) Brumpt. 

 {Vibrio lineola Donne, Recherches Mi- 

 crosc. Nature d. Mucus des Organs Geni- 

 tourinaires, Paris, 1837; Brumpt, Nou- 

 veau Traite de Medecine, Paris, 4, 1922, 

 505.) From secretions of the genitalia. 



Genua II. Treponema Schaudi7in. 



(Spironema Vuillemin, Compt. rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, I40, 1905, 1567 ; not Spironema 

 Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 424; Schaudinn, Deutsche med. Wochnschr., 31, 

 1905, 1728; Microspironema Stiles and Pfender, Amer. Med., 10, 1905, 936.) 



Length 3 to 18 microns. Longer forms due to incomplete division. Protoplasm 

 in acute, regular or irregular spirals. Terminal filament may be present. Some 

 species stain only with Giemsa's stain. Weakly refractive by dark field illumination 

 in living preparations. Cultivated under strictly anaerobic conditions. Pathogenic 

 and parasitic for man and animals. Generally produce local lesions in tissues. 



The type species is Treponema pallidum (Schaudinn and Hoffmann) Schaudinn. 



1. Treponema pallidum (Schaudinn 

 and Hoffmann) Schaudinn. {Spirochaete 

 pallida Schaudinn and Hoffmann, Arb. 

 kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte, 22, 1905, 528; 

 Schaudinn, Deutsche med. Wochnschr., 

 31, 1905, 1728; Spironema pallidum Vuil- 

 lemin, Compt. rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, I40, 

 1905, 1567; Microspironema pallidum 

 Stiles and Pfender, Amer. Med., 10, 1905, 

 936; Trypanosoma luis Krzystalowicz 

 and Siedlecki, 1905, see abst. in Bull. 

 Inst. Past., 4, 1906, 204; Spirochaeta 

 pallida Hoffmann and Prowazek, Cent, 

 f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 4I, 1906, 741.) 

 From Latin, pale. 



Morphology : Very fine protoplasmic 

 spirals 0.25 to 0.3 by 6 to 14 microns. 



Spiral amplitude: 1.0 micron, regular, 

 fixed. 



Spiral depth : 0.5 to 1.0 micron. 



Terminal spiral filament present. 



Weakly refractive in living state by 

 dark field illumination. May appear as a 

 series of bright dots or string of radiant 

 beads with poor dark field illumination. 



Staining: Stain with difficulty except 

 with Giemsa's stain by which they appear 

 pink or rose. Appear black with silver 

 impregnation methods. 



Motility: Sluggish, drifting motion, 

 stifflj' flexible, rarely rotating. 



Trypsin digestion : Resistant for many 

 days . 



Bile salts (10 per cent) : Disintegration 

 complete. 



Saponin (10 per cent): Broken up in 

 time. 



Cultivation: With difficulty under 

 strict anaerobiosis in ascitic fluid with 

 addition of fresh rabbit kidney. 



Habitat : The cause of syphilis in man. 

 Can be transmitted experimentally to 

 anthropoid apes and rabbits. 



2. Treponema pertenue Castellani. 

 (Castellani, Jour. Trop. Med., 8, 1905, 

 253; Spirochaeta pertenuis Castellani, 

 Jour. Ceylon Branch Brit. Med. Assoc, 

 June, 1905; Spirochaeta pallidula Castel- 

 lani, Brit. Jour. Med., 2, Nov., 1905, 1330; 

 Spirochaete pertemds Lehmann and Neu- 

 mann, Bakt. Diag., 5 Aufl., 2, 1912, 677; 

 Spironema pertenue Gross, Archiv f. 

 Protistenk.,^4, 1912, 115; Treponemapal- 

 lidulum Brumpt, Nouveau Traits de 

 Medecine, Paris, 4, 1922, 508.) From 

 Latin, very fine. 



