1090 MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Hayashi, Jour. Parasit., 7, 1920, 63; troxenus orientalis Moshkovsky,Vspekhi 



*Rickettsia orientalis Nagayo, Tamiya, Souremennoi Biologii (Russian) (Ad- 



Mitamura and Sato, Jikken Igaku vances in modern biology), 19, 1945, 13.) 



Zasshi, ^.^, May 20, 1930,8 pp.: fiJicA-e^^sia From two Japanese ideographs trans- 



tsutsugamushi Ogata, Cent. f. Bakt., literated tsutsuga, something small and 



I Aht., 122,1931,249; Rickettsia akamushi dangerous, and mushi, a creature now 



Kawamuraand Imagawa, ihid., 122, 1931, known to be a mite. If the i ending is 



258; Rickettsia orientalis var. schuffneri accepted as forming a Latin genitive, 



do Amaral and Monteiro, Mem. Inst. the modern meaning of the species name, 



Butantan, 7, 1932, 360; Rickettsia meg- tsutsugamushi , would be 'of a dangerous 



awi do Amaral and Monteiro, idem; mite'. 



Rickettsiamegawivav. fletcheri do Amaval Small pleomorphic bacterium-like mi- 

 and Monteiro, ibid., 361; Rickettsia croorganisms, usually thicker than ^z'cA;- 

 ts utsugamushi -orientalis Kawainursi,lSi is- ettsia proivazekii, Rickettsia typhi, Rick- 

 shin Igaku, 23, 1934, 000; Rickettsia pseu- ettsia rickcltsii and Coxiella burnetii and 

 dotyphi Vervoort, see Donatien and less sharply defined. Ellipsoidal or rod- 

 Lestoquard, Acta Conv. Tertii Trop. shaped, often appearing as a diplococcus 

 atque malariae morbis, pars I, 1938, or as a short bacillus with bipolar stain- 

 564; Rickettsia sumatranus (sic) Kou- ing resembling the plague bacillus. Dif- 

 wenaar and Wolff, Proc. 6th Pacific Sci. fusely distributed in the cytoplasm of 

 Cong. (1939), 5, 1942, 636; Dermacen- the cell. Size 0.3 to 0.5 by 0.8 to 2 



nicht in Abrede dass Herr Hayashi bei einem kleinen Teil der von ihn beschriebenen 

 Korperchen unsere Rickettsia orientalis vor sicli gehabt hat". Hayashi vigorously 

 defends his own observations in the same discussion and the following year after 

 making comparative studies of strains of Rickettsia orientalis and his own Rickettsia 

 tsutsugamushi reaches the following conclusion {loc. cit.) "Rickettsia tsutsugamushi 

 and Rickettsia orientalis refer to one and the same species of microorganisms and there 

 seems to be no way in which one can be recognized as differing from the other." 

 Under these conditions the only valid name appears to be Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. — 

 Editors. 



* These authors publish practically the same preliminary paper in three other 

 places as follows: Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, 104, June 14, 1930, 637-641; Jap. 

 Jour. Exper. Med., 8, Aug. 20, 1930, 309-318 and Trans. Jap. Path. Soc, 20, 1930, 

 556-566. The complete report on this work did not appear until the following year: 

 Jap. Jour. Exper. Med., 9, iMarch 20, 1931, 87-150.— Editors. 



t This binomial apparently first appears in the literature in a review article by 

 Kawamura (Handbuch der path. Microorganismen, Kolle and Wassermann, 3 Aufl., 

 8, 1930, 1398) where it is used incidentally and is attributed to Hayashi, 1923. The 

 fact that Hayashi did not use Rickettsia tsutsugamushi before 1931 is confirmed by 

 Mitamura (Trans. Jap. Path. Soc, 21. 1931, 463) who states in a footnote: Kawamura 

 und Ogata geben an, dass Hayashi 1923 fiir den Erreger den Namen Rickettsia tsutsu- 

 gamushi vorgeschlagen hat. Eine solche Angabe Hayashi, is nicht nur uns, sondern 

 auch dem Autor, wie er uns personlich erzahlt, unbekannt." Ogata apparently first 

 used Rickettsia lsufsuga7nushi in the title of a paper that he presented in 1930 to the 

 8th Cong. Far East Assoc. Trop. Med. which, however, appeared in the Transactions 

 of the Congress, 2, June, 1932, 167-171. Meanwhile, the same paper with an added 

 discussion of the nomenclature appeared in the Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 122, 

 Oct. 1, 1931, 249-253 and it is this paper that is usually regarded as establishing the 

 use of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi for this species. — Editors. 



