1104 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



viously infected, until 15 weeks to 8 

 months after infection. Typical haemo- 

 bartonellosis occurs in adult splenec- 

 tomized haeniobartonella-free albino rats 

 and in young non-splenectomized haemo- 

 bartonella-free albino rats weighing 20 

 to 30 grams at 3 weeks. Variable results 

 have been obtained by different investi- 

 gators with wild mice, guinea pigs, 

 rabbits, hamsters, pigeons and monkeys 

 {Macacus rhesus and Macacus sp.). It 

 is known to be infectious for wild rats, 

 albino mice, rabbits and for two Palestin- 

 ian rodents {Sphallax {Spalax correct 

 designation) typhlops and Meriones tris- 

 trami). Negative results have been re- 

 ported in dogs, kittens, cats, sheep and 

 various birds. Causes a definite and 

 characteristic anemia without cutaneous 

 eruption. 



Arsenical therapy : True sterilization 

 of latent or recognized infection with 

 organic arsenical compounds. 



Source: Blood of infected albino rats. 



Habitat : Ectoparasites such as the 

 rat louse {Polyplax (Haematopinus) 

 spinulosus), the flea (Xenopsylla cheo- 

 pis) and possibly the bedbug {Cimex 

 lectularius) . Also found in the erythro- 

 cytes of susceptible animals. World 

 wide in distribution. 



2. Haemobartonella canis (Kikuth) 

 Tyzzer and Weinman. {Bartonella canis 

 Kikuth, Klin. Wchnschr., 1928, 1729; 

 Tyzzer and Weinman, Amer. Jour. Hyg., 

 SO(B), 1939, 151.) From Latin canis, 

 dog. 



One of the most pleomorphic of the 

 haemobartonellae, occurring as thin rods, 

 straight or slightly curved, dumbbell- 

 shaped organisms, dots, coccoids, or 

 rings. Chains of rods, coccoids or rings 

 occur. These consist of only one type 

 of these forms or a mixture of types. 

 The chains may be straight, curved, 

 branched or annular. Variable in size. 

 Round forms vary from 0.2 or 0.5 micron 

 to the limit of visibility. Single rods 

 are 0.2 by 1 to 5 microns, while the 



composite forms vary from 1 to 4 microns. 

 Situation is epi-erythrocytic. 



Giemsa's fluid stains the organism 

 red-violet, usually intensely. Methyl- 

 ene blue used as a vital stain colors the 

 organism distinctly. Gram-negative and 

 non-acid-fast. 



Considered non-motile by most inves- 

 tigators. 



Cultivation : Cultivation has not been 

 demonstrated in semi-solid rabbit serum- 

 agar mediuni nor in media containing 

 serum of splenectomized dogs, N.N.N., 

 Noguchi's medium for leptospira, blood 

 broth, Chatton's medium covered with 

 vaseline for Trichomastix. 



Filterability : Results equivocal. 



Immunology : The outstanding phe- 

 nomena resemble those found in the rat 

 infected with Haemobartonella muris. 



Pathogenicity : Splenectomy is essen- 

 tial to infection accompanied by anemia 

 in the dog. Negative results in splenec- 

 tomized haemobartonella-free guinea pig, 

 rat, rabbit, and monkey {Cercopithecus 

 sabaeus). No infection or anemia in 

 unoperated mice, white rats, young rab- 

 bits, young dogs and young guinea pigs. 

 The splenectomized cat has been found 

 to carry the infection by serial passage. 



Arsenical therapy : Complete sterili- 

 zation obtained by neoarsphenamine. 



Source: Erythrocytes of infected sple- 

 nectomized dogs. 



Habitat: Found in dog fleas (Cteno- 

 cephalus) and erythocytes of infected 

 animals. Distribution wide-spread, the 

 infection occurring spontaneoush'' in 

 Europe, India, North and South Africa, 

 North and South America. 



3. Haemobartonella microtii Tyzzer 

 and Weinman. (Tyzzer and Weinman, 

 Amer. Jour. Hyg. ,? 30(B), 1939, 143; also 

 see Weinman, Trans. Amer. Philosoph. 

 Soc, N. S., 33, 1944, 312; questionable 

 synonym Bartonella arvicolae Yakimoff, 

 Arch. Inst. Past, de Tunis, 17, 1928, 350; 

 Haemobartonella arvicolae Weinman, loc. 



