FAMILY CHLAMYDOZOACEAE 



1117 



Coccoid bodies : As for Mhjagau-anclla 

 lymphogranulornatis . 



Filterability : Partly filterable through 

 Berkefeld N, Chamberland L and Q or 

 Seitz EK filters. 



Cultivation : As for Miyagawanella 

 lymphogrqnulomatis but grows readily in 

 allantoic sac without adaptation. 



Immunological aspects: As for M. 

 lymphogranulornatis but no soluble frac- 

 tion yet demonstrated. 



Toxic factor: Infected yolk sac or 

 yolk injected intravenously or intraperi- 

 toneally is rapidly fatal to mice. 



Pathogenicity: Pathogenic for birds 

 (particularly psittacine and finch 

 species), man, monkeys, guinea pigs, 

 pocket gophers, hamsters, white rats, 

 kangaroo rat?, mice, rabbits and chicken 

 embryos. Inapparent infections may 

 occur with the agent harbored in the 

 organs. Causes a highly fatal pneumoni- 

 tis with septicemia in man. 



Tissue tropisms: Causes a septicemia. 

 In man this species .shows predilection 

 for the respiratory tract. In laboratorj^ 

 rodents, it is infective by the intranasal, 

 the intraperitoneal (peritonitis and septi- 

 cemia), the intracerebral and the intra- 

 venous routes. 



Chemotherapy: Susceptible to rela- 

 tively high concentrations of penicillin. 

 Some strains are susceptible to sulfon- 

 amides. 



Source : Found in the organs and nasal 

 secretions of infected birds and, from the 

 latter, spreads to the plumage by preen- 

 ingandothermethods. Plentiful in drop- 

 pings or dust from infected cages. Rela- 

 tively resistant under such conditions. 



Habitat: The etiological agent of psit- 

 tacosis or parrot fever. Also of some 

 cases of atypical pneumonia. 



3. Miyagawanella ornithosis Rake, 

 spec. nov. From Greek ornithos, bird. 



Coccoid bodies: As for Miyagawanella 

 lymphogranulornatis . 



Cultivation : As for Miyagawanella 

 psittaci. 



Immunological aspects : Has one or 

 more antigens in common with, or closely 

 resembling, one or more present in chla- 

 mydozoa and other miyagawanellae as 

 shown by a cross reaction in complement 

 fixation tests. Sharply distinguished 

 from other miyagawanellae by toxin- 

 antitoxin neutralization or by neutrali- 

 zation of infection in mice with chicken 

 antisera. The latter test however sug- 

 gests that the agent of meningopneumo- 

 nitis (Francis and Alagill, Jour. Exp. 

 Med., 68, 1938, 147) is this species rather 

 than something distinct. Immunity in 

 man or animals is probably poor except 

 in the presence of continuing apparent 

 or inapparent infections. Cross reac- 

 tions suggest that Miyagawanella orni- 

 thosis may be more closely related to 

 Miyagawanella h/mphogrannlomatis than 

 is M. psittaci. 



Toxic factor: As for Miyagawanella 

 psittaci. 



Pathogenicity : Pathogenic for birds 

 (especially non-psittacine species), man, 

 ferrets, guinea pigs, hamsters, white 

 rats, kangaroo rats, mice, rabbits and 

 chicken embryos. Inapparent infec- 

 tions may occur. Causes a moderately 

 severe pneumonitis with septicemia in 

 man. 



Tissue tropisms: Causes a septicemia. 

 In birds and man shows a predilection for 

 the lungs. In laboratory rodents, this 

 species is infective by the intranasal, in- 

 tracerebral, intravenous and (with rela- 

 tively large inocula of most strains) in- 

 traperitoneal routes. 



Chemotherapy : Susceptible to rela- 

 tively large doses of penicillin. Not 

 susceptible to sulfonamides. 



Source : Found in organs and nasal se- 

 cretions of finches, pheasants (including 

 domestic chickens), domesticated doves, 

 fulmar petrels and other birds. Spreads 

 from the secretions to plumage and drop- 

 pings. 



Habitat: The etiological agent of orni- 

 thosis (Meyer) and meningopneumonitis 

 (Francis and Magill). 



