1134 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



tralized by sera specific for bacterio- 

 phages S13, C13, C36, D5, D20, D13, C18, 

 D3, S8, C21,orC16. 



Immunological relationships : Member 

 of Smooth Dysentery Resistance Group. 



Other properties: Particle size, 30 to 

 45 millimicrons. 



Literature: Burnet, Jour. Path, and 

 Bact., 36, 1933, 307-318. 



12. Phagus maximus H. {loc. cit., 147). 

 From Latin maximus, greatest, in refer- 

 ence to particle size. 



Common names : Bacteriophage C16, 

 C4, C15, C20, C32, C46, D4, D12, D29, 

 D53, H, J, K, and W. L. L. 



Hosts : Escherichia coli Castellani and 

 Chalmers ; Shigella dysenteriae Castellani 

 and Chalmers. 



Induced disease: Small plaques, 0.1 to 

 1.2 mm in diameter, with sharp edges. 



Serological relationships : No cross - 

 neutralization reaction with bacterio- 

 phages S13, C13, C36, D5, D20, D13, CIS, 

 D3, S8, C21, D6, or staphylococcus bac- 

 teriophage Au2. Agglutinated and inac- 

 tivated by homologous, though not by 

 other, antisera. For agglutination an 

 original titer of 2 X lO^" or higher is re- 

 quired; the reaction is visible to the 

 unaided eye after 24 hours at 50° C and 

 succeeds even after inactivation by heat 

 (70 to 85° C for 30 minutes), formalde- 

 hyde, or a photodynamic dye (pro- 

 flavine). 



Immunological relationships : Member 

 of Resistance Group II. 



Thermal inactivation : At or below 70° 

 to 85° C for 30 minutes. 



Other properties : Particle size esti- 

 mated by filtration as 50 to 75 millimi- 

 crons, by centrifuging as 79 to 90 milli- 

 microns, from photographs as 50 to 60 

 millimicrons. Rapidly inactivated by 

 26.3 per cent urea solution. Little or no 

 inactivation by 1:25,000 methylene blue 

 in 2 mm layer 20 cm from 100 candle- 

 power light for 30 minutes. Lysis not 

 inhibited by L5 per cent or weaker solu- 

 tions of sodium citrate. Thermolabile 



specific soluble substance formed in lysed 

 cultures blocks phage -antiphage reaction. 

 Literature: Burnet, Brit. Jour. Exp. 

 Path., 14, 1933, 93-100, 100-108, 302-308; 

 Jour. Path, and Bact., 36, 1933, 307-318; 

 37, 1933, 179-184 ; Burnet and Lush, ibid., 

 40, 1935, 455-469; Burnet and McKie, 

 ibid., 36, 1933, 299-306. 



13. Phagus tximoris H. {loc. cit., 150). 

 From Latin tumor, a swelling, in refer- 

 ence to association of this bacteriophage 

 with bacterial tumors. 



Common name : Agrobacierium tume- 

 faciens bacteriophage. 



Host: Agrobacterium tumefaciens Conn, 

 most strains. 



Insusceptible species : Some strains of 

 Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacterium 

 stewarti E. F. Smith, Erwinia atroseptica 

 Bergey et al., E. carotovora Holland, 

 Pseudomonas tabaci Stapp, Xanthomonas 

 beticola Burkholder, X. campestris Dow- 

 son, X. citri Dowson, X. phaseoli Dowson 

 X. pruni Dowson and X. vesicatoria 

 Dowson. 



Geographical distribution : United 

 States, Russia. 



Induced disease : Plaques 2 to 6 mm in 

 diameter in 4 to 6 hours, edges of plaques 

 spotted, moth-eaten in appearance until 

 40 hours after seeding; enlargement then 

 stops and the edges of the plaques become 

 smooth, double-ringed. Infection of 

 plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is 

 progressively inhibited by increasing 

 amounts of bacteriophage in inoculum. 



Thermal inactivation: At 95° C in 10 

 minutes (another report says 70° C, time 

 not recorded). 



Other properties : Resists dilution to 

 1 : 10" ; storage at 5° C for over 25 months ; 

 prompt, though not gradual, drying; 1 

 per cent hydrogen peroxide for 72 hours ; 

 95 per cent ethyl alcohol for 1 hour; 70 

 per cent ethyl alcohol for 6 hours ; 2| per 

 cent phenol for 1 hour; 1 :3000 nitric acid 

 for 1 hour; N/64 sodium hydroxide for 1 

 hour. 



Literature: Israilsky, Cent. f. Bakt., 



